Skip to main content

Occupational Stress

  • Chapter
Stress

Abstract

Before embarking on a study of some of the work situations which cause stress for many people, it is worth reminding ourselves of the fact that not every individual will be affected to the same degree by a potentially stressful event or situation. A number of other factors must be taken into consideration such as the ability to cope with and control stress situations, the individual’s personality, etc. The Dohrenwends (1974), have stated that ‘one individual may become ill and another remain healthy after both experience the same life event’. In the past many studies have reported consistent associations between a variety of distress measures and social statuses. Probably the most thoroughly researched of these statuses is social class (Dohrenwend, 1973; Myers et al.,1974), though several others have been studied including sex (Dohrenwend and Dohrenwend, 1976, 1977; Gove, 1972, Gove and Tudor, 1973, 1977), marital status (Pearlin and Johnson, 1977) and rural/urban environments (Kasl and Harburg, 1975).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Averill, J. (1973). Personal control over aversive stimuli and its relationship to stress. Psychol. Bull., 80, 286

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakan, P. (1963). Time of day preference, vigilance and extraversion and introversion. In Buckner, D. and McGrath, J. (eds) Vigilance: A Symposium. ( London: McGraw-Hill )

    Google Scholar 

  • Banton, M. P. (1964). The Policeman in the Community. (London: Tavistock)

    Google Scholar 

  • Beales, H. L. and Lambert, R. S. (1973). Memoirs of the Unemployed. (Wakefield: EP Publishing)

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckhard, R. (1972). Optimizing team-building efforts. J. Contemp. Bus.,1, 23

    Google Scholar 

  • Beer, N. F. and Swaffin-Smith, C. (1976). Rejuvenating the redundant manager. Pers. Manage., December

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellet, S., Roman, L. and Kostis, J. (1969). The effect of automobile driving on catecholamine and adrenocortical excretion. Am. J. Cardiol., 24, 365

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bellino, R. (1970). Perspectives of military and civilian retirement. Ment. Hyg., 54, 580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belson, W. A. (1975). The Public and the Police. ( London: Harper & Row )

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkeley, B. R. and Stoebner, J. B. (1968). The retirement syndrome: a previously unreported variant. Milit. Med., 133, 5

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkun, M. M. (1963). Psychological and physiological criteria for stress simulation research. Hum RRO paper for Third Annual Symposium on Performance Reserve, Human Factors Society of Los Angeles, 18 June

    Google Scholar 

  • Blake, M. J. F. (1967). Relationship between circadian rhythm of body temperature and introversion—extraversion. Nature (Lond.), 215, 896

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blake, W. D. (1952). The adjustment of residents of a home for the aged. J. Gerontol., 7, 474

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourne, P. G. (1970). Men, Stress and Vietnam. (Boston: Little, Brown)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G. W., Bhrolchain, M. N. and Harris, T. (1975). Social class and psychiatric disturbance among women in an urban population. Sociology, 9, 225

    Google Scholar 

  • Buck, V. (1972). Working under Pressure. ( London: Staples Press )

    Google Scholar 

  • Busse, E. W. (1967). Geriatrics today — an overview. Am. J. Psychiatry, 123, 1226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cain, M. (1973). Society and the Policeman’s Role. ( London: Routledge & Kegan Paul )

    Google Scholar 

  • Catanese, A. (1972). Models of commuting. In Catanese, A. (ed.) New Perspectives in Transportation Research. (Lexington Press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, D. (1968). Sociology and the Stereotype of the Criminal. ( London: Tavistock )

    Google Scholar 

  • Chappell, D. and Meyer, J. C. (1975). Cross-cultural differences in police attitudes: an exploration in comparative research. Aust. NZJ. Criminol., 8, 5

    Google Scholar 

  • Christie, M. J. (1970). Temporal aspects of palmar skin potential, and related electrolyte and cardiovascular measures. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London

    Google Scholar 

  • Christie, M. J. and Venables, P. H. (1973). Mood changes in relation to age, EPI scores, time and day. Br.J. Soc. Clin. Psychol., 12, 32

    Google Scholar 

  • Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosom. Med., 38, 300

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cobb, S. and Kasl, S. V. (1977). Termination: the Consequences of job Loss. (Cincinatti, Ohio: US Department of Health, Education and Welfare )

    Google Scholar 

  • Collier, B. (1977). In his own words an Atlanta psychiatrist worries over air traffic controllers who crack under the strain. An interview with Dr. Merton Berger. People, 8, 54

    Google Scholar 

  • Colquhoun, W. P. (1960). Temperament, inspection efficiency, and time of day. Ergonomics, 34, 377

    Google Scholar 

  • Coppen, A. (1967). The biochemistry of affective disorders. Br. J. Psychiatry, 113, 1237

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Critchley, T. (1971). The developing role of the police in a changing society. The Police Federation Seminar, The Police in Society. ( London: Constable )

    Google Scholar 

  • Danitz, L. J. et al. (1969). Nurses’ inferences of suffering. Nurs. Res., 18, 100

    Google Scholar 

  • Darley, J. M. and Batson, C. D. (1973). From Jerusalem to Jericho: a study of situational and dispositional variables in helping behaviour. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 27, 100

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, M. J. (1979). Stress in the police service: a multifaceted model, research proposal and pilot study. Unpublished dissertation, the University of Queensland, Australia

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, M. J. and Veno, A. (1980). Stress and the policeman. In Cooper, C. L. and Marshall, J. (eds) White Collar and Professional Stress. ( London: Wiley )

    Google Scholar 

  • Dohrenwend, B. P. and Dohrenwend, B. S. (1969). Social Status and Psychological Disorders. ( New York: Wiley )

    Google Scholar 

  • Dohrenwend, B. P. and Dohrenwend, B. S. (1976). Sex differences and psychiatric disorders. Am. J. Sociol., 81, 1447

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dohrenwend, B. P. and Dohrenwend, B. S. (1977). Reply to Gove and Tudor’s comment on sex differences and psychiatric disorders. Am. J. Sociol., 82, 1336

    Google Scholar 

  • Dohrenwend, B. S. (1973). Social status and stressful life events. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 9, 203

    Google Scholar 

  • Dohrenwend, B. S. and Dohrenwend, B. P. (1974). Stressful Life Events. ( New York: Wiley )

    Google Scholar 

  • Donahue, W., Orbach, H. L. and Pollak, O. (1960). Retirement: the emerging social pattern. In Tibbitts, C. (ed.) Handbook of Social Gerontology. ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press )

    Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson, J. and Gower, D. (1975). Prerogatives, participation and managerial stress. In Gowlor, D. and Legge, K. (eds) Managerial Stress. ( Epping: Gower Press )

    Google Scholar 

  • Druss, R. G. (1965). Problems associated with retirement from military service. Mil. Med., 130, 382

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, T. (1975). Labor—management relations of psychological stress — view from the bottom. The Police Chief, 42, 54

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, R. E. (1968). Response to foreigner and compatriot who seek assistance. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 10, 202

    Google Scholar 

  • Fink, S. L. (1967). Crisis and motivation: a theoretical model. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 43, 952

    Google Scholar 

  • French, J. R. P. and Caplan, R. D. (1970). Psychosocial factors in coronary heart disease. Ind. Med., 39, 383

    Google Scholar 

  • French, J. R. P., Rogers, W. and Cobb, S. (1974). A model of person—environment fit. In Goelho, G. V., Hamburgh, D. A. and Adams, J. E., (eds) Coping and Adaption. ( New York: Basic Books )

    Google Scholar 

  • Fried, E. (1949). Attitudes of the older population groups toward activity and inactivity.]. Gerontol., 4, 141

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Froggatt, P. (1970). Short-term absence from industry. III. The inference of `proneness’ and a search for causes. Br. J. Ind. Med., 27, 297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giffen, M. B. and McNeil, J. S. (1967). Effect of military retirement on dependents. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 17, 717

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, B. G. and Strauss, A. L. (1966). Awareness of Dying. ( London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson )

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodchild, J. C. and Smith, E. E. (1963). The effects of unemployment as mediated by social status. Sociometry, 26, 289

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, T. and Kenyon, J. (1972). Stories from the Dole Queue. ( London: Routledge & Kegan Paul )

    Google Scholar 

  • Gove, W. R. (1972). The relationship between sex roles, marital status and mental illness, Social Forces, 51, 34

    Google Scholar 

  • Gove, W. R. and Tudor, J. F. (1973). Adult sex roles and mental illness. Am. J. Sociol., 98, 812

    Google Scholar 

  • Gove, W. R. and Tudor, J. F. (1977). Sex differences in mental illness: a comment on Dohrenwend and Dohrenwend. Am. J. Sociol., 82, 1327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granick, S. (1950). Studies of psychopathology in later maturity: a review. J. Gerontol., 5, 361

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hadley, R. D. (1977). Staff nurse cites challenge, satisfaction despite stress. Am. Nurse, 9, 6

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, R. V. (1976). Job demands and worker—health: person—environment misfit. Doctoral dissertation. The University of Michigan, Diss. Abs. Int., 37, 1035B (University Microfilms, No. 76–19, 150 )

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartley, J. F. (1978). Psychological aspects of managerial unemployment. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Manchester

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartley, J. F. (1980). The impact of unemployment upon the self-esteem of managers. J. Occup. Psychol., 53, 147

    Google Scholar 

  • Haug, M. R. and Sussman, M. B. (1969). Professional autonomy and the revolt of the client. Soc. Problems, 17, 153

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, D. H. and Oken, D. (1972). The psychological stresses of intensive care unit nursing. Psychosom. Med., 34, 109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J. M. (1978). The Social and Psychological Impact of Unemployment: a Pilot Study. ( London: Tavistock Institute of Human Relations )

    Google Scholar 

  • Hochman, J. (1960). The retirement myth. In Tibbitts, C. and Donahue, W. (eds) Aging in Today’s Society. ( Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall )

    Google Scholar 

  • Huffing, C. K., Brotzman, E., Dalrymple, S., Graves, N. and Pierce, C. M. (1966). An experimental study in nurse—physician relationships.]. Nero. Ment. Dis., 143, 171

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, T. H. and Masuda, M. (1974). Life change and illness susceptibility. In Dohrenwend, B. S. and Dohrenwend, B. P. (eds) Stressful Life Events: their Nature and Effects. ( New York: Wiley )

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurrell, J. J. (1977). Job Stress among Police Officers — a Preliminary Analysis. US Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Publication No. (N1OSH) 7604228. ( Cincinnati, Ohio: US Government Printing Office )

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurst, M. W., Jenkins, C. D. and Rose, R. M. (1978). The assessment of life change stress: a comparative and methodological inquiry. Psychosom. Med., 40, 126

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isen, A. M. (1970). Success, failure, attention and reaction to others: the warm glow of success. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 15, 10

    Google Scholar 

  • Israeli, N. (1935). Distress in the outlook of Lancashire and Scottish unemployed. J. Appl. Psychol., 19, 67

    Google Scholar 

  • Jahoda, M., Lazarsfeld, P. F. and Zeisel, H. (1971). Marienthal: The Sociography of an Unemployed Community (first published 1933 ). ( London: Tavistock )

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, F. D. (1967). ‘Psychological adjustments to Vietnam’. Speech to Medical Education for National Defense (MEND), 18 October

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D. and Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organisational Stress: Studies in Role Conflicts and Ambiguity. ( New York: Wiley )

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalsbeek, J. W. H. (1976). Some aspects of stress measurements in air traffic control officers at Schipol Airport. Symposium on stresses of the air traffic control officer (latest development). ( University of Manchester: Department of Postgraduate Medical Studies ), pp. 39–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasl, S. V. and Harburg, E. (1975). Mental health and the urban environment: some doubts and second thoughts. J. Health Soc. Behay., 16, 268

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kern, R. and McFann, H. (1965). Can our troops be battleproofed? Army Inf. Dig., 20, 24

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C. (1979). Stress, social status, and psychological distress. J. Health Soc. Behay., 20, 100

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kingsley, S. (1976). An investigation of personal constructs concerning unemployed older managers. MSc thesis, UWIST

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroes, W., Margolis, B. and Hurrell, J. (1974). Job stress in policemen. J. Pol. Sci. Admin., 2, 145

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubler-Ross, E. (1969). On Death and Dying. ( New York: Macmillan )

    Google Scholar 

  • Latané, B. and Darley, J. M. (1970), The Unresponsive Bystander. ( New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts )

    Google Scholar 

  • Latané, B. and Rodin, J. (1969). A lady in distress: inhibiting effects of friends and strangers on bystander intervention. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol., 5, 189

    Google Scholar 

  • Laube, J. (1973). Psychological reactions of nurses to disaster. Nurs. Res., 22, 343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lefcourt, H. (1973). The function of the illusions of control and freedom. Am. Psychol., 28, 417

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann, P. (1974). Job stress: hidden hazard. Job Safety Health, 2, 4

    Google Scholar 

  • Livson, F. (1972). Adjustment to retirement. In Richard, S., Livson, F. and Petersen, P. G. (eds) Aging and Personality. ( New York: Wiley )

    Google Scholar 

  • McGann, B. and Kenny, V. (1977). Significant Factors in the Thinking of Unemployed Executives. ( Dublin: An Co )

    Google Scholar 

  • McInnes, C. (1964) Mr. Love and Justice. ( Harmondsworth: Penguin )

    Google Scholar 

  • McMichael, A. J. (1978). Personality, behavioural, and situational modifiers of work stressors. In Cooper, C. L. and Payne, R. (eds) Stress at Work.(London: Wiley)

    Google Scholar 

  • McNeil, J. S. and Giffen, M. B. (1967). Military retirement: the retirement syndrome. Am.J. Psychiatry, 123, 848

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacBride, A. (1976). Retirement as a life crisis: myth or reality? Can. Psychiatr. Assoc. J., 21, 547

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maddox, G. L. (1970). Adaptation to retirement. Gerontologist, 10, 14

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Margolis, B. L. (1973). Stress is a work hazard too. Ind. Med. Occup. Health Surg., 42, 20

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Markush, R. E. and Favero, R. V. (1974). Epidemiologic assessment of stressful life events, depressed mood, and psychophysiological symptoms — a preliminary report. In Dohrenwend, B. S. and Dohrenwend, B. P. (eds) Stressful Life Events: their Nature and Effects. ( New York: Wiley )

    Google Scholar 

  • Martindale, D. (1977). Sweaty palms in the control tower. Psychol. To-Day, 10, 73

    Google Scholar 

  • Melowe, I. D. (1964). A study in role diffusion: the chief and sergeant face retirement. Ment. Hyg., 48, 101

    Google Scholar 

  • Melton, C. E., Smith, R. C., McKenzie, J. M., Wicks, S. M. and Saldivar, J. T. (1978). Stress in air traffic personnel: low-density towers and flight service stations. Aviat., Space, Environ. Med., 724

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyers, R. J. (1954). Factors in interpreting mortality after retirement. J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 49, 499

    Google Scholar 

  • Minzberg, H. (1973). The Nature of Managerial Work. ( New York: Harper & Row )

    Google Scholar 

  • Munro, J. L. (1975). A study of the personality perception of South Australian police officers. Aust. NZJ. Crim., 8, 15

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, J. K., Lindenthal, J. J. and Pepper, M. P. (1974). Social class, life events and psychiatric symptoms: a longitudinal study. In Dohrenwend, B. S. and Dohrenwend, B. P. (eds) Stressful Life Events: their Nature and Effects. ( New York: Wiley )

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadelson, T. (1969). A survey of the literature on the adjustment of the aged to retirement. J. Geriat. Psychiatry, 3, 3

    Google Scholar 

  • Novaco, R. W., Stokols, D., Campbell, J. and Stokols, J. (1979). Transporta- tion, stress and community psychology. Am. J. Comm. Psychol., 7, 361

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patkai, R. (1971). Interindividual differences in diurnal variations in alert- ness, performance and adrenaline excretion. Acta Physiol. Scand., 81, 35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearlin, L. I. and Johnson, J. S. (1977). Marital status, life strains and depression. Am. Sociol. Rev., 42, 704

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, M. (1957a). The transition from work to retirement: I. Occup. Psychol., 31, 80

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, M. (1957b). The transition from work to retirement: II. Occup. Psychol., 31, 139

    Google Scholar 

  • Phares, E. J. (1973). Locus of Control: a Personality Determinant of Behavior (a modular publication). ( Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press )

    Google Scholar 

  • Piliavan, I. (1969) Good Samaritanism: an underground phenomenon? J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 13, 289

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulton, E. C. (1977). Subjective assessments are almost always biased, sometimes completely misleading. Br.J. Psychol., 68

    Google Scholar 

  • Rafky, D. (1974). My husband the cop. Police Chief, 41, 63

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahe, R. H. and Arthur, R. J. (1978). Life change and illness studies: past history and future directions. J. Hum. Stress, 4, 3

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ratcliffe, S. and Gent, H. (1974). The quantitative description of a traffic control process. J. Navig., 27, 317

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiser, M. (1978). The problem of police officer wives. Police Chief, 45, 38

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, A. M. (1964). Thirty-eight Witnesses. ( New York: McGraw-Hill )

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotter, J. (1966). Generalized expectancies of internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychol. Monogr., 80 (whole No. 609)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarason, S. (1974). The Psychological Sense of Community. ( San Francisco: JosseyBass )

    Google Scholar 

  • Schalling, D. S. (1975). Types of anxiety and types of stressors as related to personality. In Spielberger, C. D. and Sarason, I. C. (eds) Stress and Anxiety. ( Washington, DC: Hemispheric Publ. Corp )

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanas, E. (1970). Health and adjustment in retirement. Gerontologist, 10, 19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, J. E., Lundberg, U. and Frankenhauser, M. (1977). Stress on the train: a study of urban commuting. In Baum, A., Singer, J. E. and Valins, S. (eds) Advances in Environmental Psychology. ( New York: Lawrence Erlbaum )

    Google Scholar 

  • Skolnick, J. (1973). A sketch of the policeman’s working personality. In Niederhoffer, A. and Blumberg, A. S. (eds) The Ambivalent Force. ( San Francisco: Rinehart Press )

    Google Scholar 

  • Spence, D. L. (1966). Patterns of retirement in San Francisco. In Carp, F. M. (ed) The Retirement Process. (Washington, DC: Public Health Service Publication No. 1778, US Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, December

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L. and Luchene, R. F. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. ( Palo Alto, Calif., Consulting Psychologist Press )

    Google Scholar 

  • Stokes, R. G. and Maddox, G. L. (1967). Some social factors on retirement adaptation.]. Gerontol., 22, 329

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stratton, J. (1976). The law enforcement programs for spouses. FBI Lau Enf. Bull. (March), 16

    Google Scholar 

  • Sudnow, D. (1967). Passing On: the Social Organization of Dying. ( Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall )

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, P. and Pocock, C. (1972). Commuter travel and sickness: absence of London office workers. Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med., 4, 130

    Google Scholar 

  • Tejmar, J. (1976). Shift work round the clock in supervision and control. App. Ergonom., 7, 66

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, W. E. and Streib, G. F. (1958). Situational determinants: health and economic deprivation in retirement. J. Soc. Issues, 14, 18

    Google Scholar 

  • Tibbitts, C. (1954). Retirement problems in American society. Am. J. Sociol., 59, 301

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiffany, D. W., Cowan, J. R. and Tiffany, P. M. (1970). The Unemployed: a Social—Psychological Portrait. ( Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall )

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyhurst, J. S. (1958). The role of transition states. In Symposium on Preventive and Social Psychiatry. (Washington, DC: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyhurst, J. S., Salk, L. and Kennedy, M. (1957). Mortality, morbidity and retirement. Am. J. Publ. Health, 47, 1434

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and Motivation. ( New York: Wiley )

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, J. E. (1971). Instruction in psychiatric nursing, level of anxiety, and direction of attitude change toward the mentally ill. Nurs. Res., 20, 522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wedderburn, D. (1964). White Collar Redundancy — a Case Study. ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press )

    Google Scholar 

  • Welford, A. T. (1974). Man Under Stress. ( London: Taylor & Francis )

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitaker, B. (1964). The Police. ( Harmondsworth: Penguin )

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitfield, D. and Stammers, R. B. (1976). The skills of the air-traffic controller. In Singleton, W. T. (ed.), The Study of Real Skills. ( London: Academic Press )

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, K. (1963). Geriatric Psychiatry. ( Springfield, Ill.: Thomas )

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Clifford B. Dobson

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dobson, C.B. (1982). Occupational Stress. In: Stress. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9798-7_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9798-7_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-9800-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-9798-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics