Abstract
The thermosphere (85 to 500 km) is heated primarily by the following processes:
-
(a)
absorption of solar UV, EUV, and X-rays (λ= 1700 to 8 Å);
-
(b)
dissipation of solar wind energy deposited into the thermosphere through solar wind magnetosphere upper atmosphere interactions (including absorption of accelerated solar wind particles); and
-
(c)
dissipation of tidal and gravity waves entering the thermosphere from below.
Common to all three energy sources is their strong temporal and/or spatial variability of source strength. This leads to correspondingly large variations in the temperature and total density of thermospheric air.
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Von Zahn, U. (1973). Neutral Air Density and Composition. In: McCormac, B.M. (eds) Physics and Chemistry of Upper Atmosphere. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 35. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2542-3_1
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