The Distribution Area and Their Dynamic

Abstract

All zoogeographical studies begin from knowledge of an area of distribution. Before a geographical range can be explained it is necessary to describe its spatial distribution precisely. This requirement for well proven limits of range can be approximately satisfied only for the vertebrates even in such well worked regions as Europe and North America. The limits of the ranges of species and subspecies can only be given with greater or lesser probability unless they are ‘fixed’ by natural barriers to distribution such as water bodies, mountains or competing species.