Abstract
This paper has been conceived from a background of European phytosociology and plant ecology, involved in the study of the vegetation of more or less densely populated countries like the Netherlands. I want to speak on behalf of many colleagues from that field of ecology. We are in the awkward position that the changes in the natural environment of our countries are, or at least have been, so tremendously fast that until recently we were spending our time in trying to preserve the remnants of our natural heritage rather than in analysing them. Despite this effort, Europe is losing its biotic diversity at an alarming speed. Unfortunately we have ample circumstantial evidence for this decline, but we need facts and figures to persuade those people who can most effectively try to stop, or at least try to curb, this tendency. Nowadays we consider that the planning authorities are the first people to persuade.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barkman, J. J. 1961. De verarming van de cryptogamenflora in ons land gedurende de laatste honderd jaar. Natura 58: 111–151.
Beeftink, W. G. 1975. Vegetationskundhche Dauerquadratforschungen auf periodlisch überschwemmten und eingedeichten Salzböden im SW der Niederlanden. In: Symposiumberichte Rinteln 1974. W. Schmidt, ed. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, J. Cramer, Lehre.
Delvosalle, L., F. Demaret, J. Lambinon and A. Lawalree. 1969. Plantesrares, disparues ou menacés de disparition en Belgique: l’appauvrissement de la flora indigène. Servo Rés. Nat. dom. Cons. Nat. Trav. 4: 1–128.
Doing Kraft, H. 1954. L’analyse des carres permanents. Acta Bot. Neerl. 3: 421–424.
Duffey, E. 1971. The management of Woodwalton Fen: a multidisciplinary approach. In: The Scientific Management of Animal and Plant Communities for Conservation. E. Duffey & A. S. Watt, eds. Blackwell, Oxford. 581–597.
Ellenberg, H. 1963. Die Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen in kausaler dynamischer und historischer Sicht. Stuttgart.
Holling, C. S. 1973. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Systematics 4: 1–23.
Jalas, J. 1965. Hemerobe und hemerochore Pfianzenarten. Ein terminologischer Reformversuch. Acta Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn. 72(2): 1–15.
Kornas, J. 1971. Changements récents de la flore polonaise. Biol. Conservation 4: 43–47.
Kromme Rijn projekt. 1974. Het kromme Rijnlandschap. Een ekologische visie (with a summary). Stichting Natur en Milieu, Amsterdam.
Leeuwen, C. G. van, 1966. A relation theoretical approach to pattern and process in vegetation. Wentia 15: 25–46.
Leeuwen, C. G. van, 1968. Soortenrijke graslanden en hun milieu. Kruipnieuws 30-1: 16–28.
Leeuwen, C. G. van, 1973. Ecologische systeembeschrijving. In: Oecologie. Diktaat Studium Generale TH, Eindhoven. 165–185.
Maarel, E. van der, 1971. Florastatistieken als bijdrage tot de evaluatie van natuurgebieden (with an English summary). Gorteria 5: 176–188.
Maarel, E. van der, 1975. Naar een globaal ecologisch model voor de ruimtelijke ontwikkeling van Nederland (with an English summary). Rijks Planologische Dienst, Den Haag (in press).
Maarel, E. van der and J. Leertouwer. 1967. Variation in vegetation and species diversity along a local environmental gradient. Acta Bot. Neerl. 16: 211–221.
Odum, E. P. 1969. The strategy of ecosystem development. Science 164: 262–270.
Orians, G. H. 1975. Diversity, stability and maturity in natural ecosystems. In: Unifying concepts in ecology. W. H. van Dobben & R. H. Lowe-McConnell, eds. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague
Patten, B. C. 1974. The zero state and ecosystem stability. Proc. 1st. Int. Congr. Ecol. Appendix. Pudoc, Wageningen.
Sukopp, H. 1971. Über den Rückgang von Farn-und Blütenpfianzen. In: Belastete Landschaft Gefährdete Umwelt. G. Olschowy, ed. Goldmann Verlag, Munchen, 364 pp.
Sukopp, H. 1972. Wandel von Flora und Vegetation in Mitteleuropa unter dem Einfiuss des Menschen. Ber. Landwirtschaft 50: 112–139.
Thalen, D. C. P. 1971. Variation in some saltmarsh and dune vegetations in the Netherlands with special reference to gradient situations. Acta Bot. Neerl. 20: 327–342.
Tjallingii, S. P. 1974. Unity and diversity in landscape. Landscape Planning 1: 7–34.
Werkgroep Gran. 1973. Biologische kartering en evaluatie van de groene ruimte in het gebied van de stadsgewesten Arnhem en Nijmegen (with an English summary). Rapport Afd. Geobotanie, Nijmegen.
Werkgroep Grim, 1974. Landschapsecologische Basisstudie ten behoeve van het streekplan Midden-Gelderland. Rapport K. U. Nijmegen en P. P. D. Gelderland Arnhem, (in press).
Westhoff, V. 1952. De betekenis van natuurgebieden voor wetenschap en praktijk. Brochure Contactcie. Natuuren Landschapsbescherming, Amsterdam.
Westhoff, V. 1956. De verarming van flora en vegetatie. In: Vijftigjaar natuurbescherming in Nederland. Amsterdam 151–186.
Westhoff, V. 1971. The dynamic structure of plant communities in relation to the objectives of conservation. In: The Scientific Management of Animal and Plant Communities for Conservation. E. Duffey & A. S. Watt, eds. Blackwell, Oxford 3–14.
Whittaker, R. H. 1970. Communities and Ecosystems. Macmillan, London.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1975 Dr W. Junk B. V. Publishers, The Hague and Centre for agricultural publishing and documentation, Wageningen
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
van der Maarel, E. (1975). Man-made natural ecosystems in environmental management and planning. In: van Dobben, W.H., Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (eds) Unifying Concepts in Ecology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1954-5_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1954-5_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-1956-9
Online ISBN: 978-94-010-1954-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive