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Flora and Vegetation

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Biogeography and Ecology in New Zealand

Part of the book series: Monographiae Biologicae ((MOBI,volume 27))

Abstract

In the southern spring of 1769, Lieutenant James Cook, commanding His Majesty’s bark Endeavour, rediscovered New Zealand and explored its coasts. The botanists with Cook were Daniel Solander and Joseph Banks and the latter noted in his journal: ‘The face of the countrey is in general Mountainous, especially inland, where probably runs a chain of very high hills parts of which we saw at several times; they were generaly coverd with snow and certainly very high –’(Banks, 1963). We now know that three quarters of New Zealand lies above an altitude of 200 m and that Banks was describing the mountainous backbone, which runs N.E.–S.W. through most of the land, and is particularly prominent in South Island where 19 mountains or peaks exceed 3000 m in height. The three main islands, North, South and Stewart, have a total length of some 1600 km. They lie between 34°25’ and 47°20S and form the core of the New Zealand Botanical Region. This also includes the Kermadec Islands (29 °15–31 °24’S), some 960 km N.E. of Auckland; the Chatham Islands (43°35’–44025’S) some 770 km E. of Christchurch; and the Subantarctic Islands, six widely separated groups between 48° and 55 °S and 159° to 179°E. The Kermadec Islands lie in a latitude equivalent to northern Florida or the Canary Islands; the New Zealand mainland is diametrically opposite Spain; Antipodes Island is very roughly antipodal to Greenwich; and Macquarie Island lies at the same distance from the equator as Yorkshire or the Aleutians.

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    G. Kuschel

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Godley, E.J. (1975). Flora and Vegetation. In: Kuschel, G. (eds) Biogeography and Ecology in New Zealand. Monographiae Biologicae, vol 27. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1941-5_4

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