Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Limnology

  • Chapter
Biogeography and Ecology in New Zealand

Part of the book series: Monographiae Biologicae ((MOBI,volume 27))

Abstract

The limnology of New Zealand reflects in many ways the age, size and geographical position of the country. New Zealand is geologically young, and in comparatively recent times the topography has been influenced by extensive earth movements, volcanic activity and glaciation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • ALLANSON, B. R. & VAN WYK, J. D. 1969. An introduction to the physics and chemistry of some lakes in northern Zululand. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 38: 217–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ALLEN, K. R. 1951. The Horokiwi Stream: a study of a trout population. Fish. Bull. N.Z. Mar. Dept. 10: 238 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • ALLEN, K. R. 1960. Effect of land development on stream bottom faunas. Proc. N.Z. Ecol. Soc. 7: 20–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • ALLEN, K. R. 1961. Relations between Salmonidae and the native freshwater fauna in New Zealand. Proc. N.Z. Ecol. Soc. 8: 66–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • ARMSTRONG, J. S. 1935. Notes on the biology of Lake Taupo. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 65: 88–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • BARCLAY, M. H. 1966. An ecological study of a temporary pond near Auckland, New Zealand. Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 17: 239–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BARKER, M. A. 1966. The influence of physico-chemical factors on the distribution of Chironomus zealandicus in Lake Pupuke. Tane 12: 93–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • BARKER, M. A. 1970. Physico-chemical features of Lake Pupuke, Auckland. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 4: 406–430.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BAYLY, I. A. E. 1961. A revision of the inland water genus Calamoecia (Copepoda: Calanoida). Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 12: 54–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BAYLY, I. A. E. 1962. Ecological studies on New Zealand lacustrine zooplanktonwith special reference to Boeckella propinqua Sars (Copepoda: Calanoida). Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 13: 143–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • BAYLY, I. A. E. 1963a. A revision of the coastal water genus Gladioferens (Copepoda: Calanoida). Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 14: 194–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BAYLY, I. A. E. 1963b. Reversed diurnal vertical migration of planktonic Crustacea in inland waters of low hydrogen ion concentration. Nature, Lond. 200: 704–705.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BAYLY, I. A. E. 1964. A revision of the Australasian species of the freshwater genera Boeckella and Hemiboeckella (Copepoda: Calanoida). Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 15: 180–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BAYLY, I. A. E. 1967a. A new species of Boeckeila (Gopepoda: Calanoida) and additional comments on some other species of the genus. Pap. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm. 101: 97–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • BAYLY, I. A. E. 1967b. The fauna and chemical composition of some athalassic saline waters in New Zealand. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 1: 105–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BAYLY, I. A. E. & WILLIAMS, W. D. 1964. Chemical and biological observations on some volcanic lakes in the south-east of South Australia.Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 15: 123–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • BEATTIE, J. H. 1945. Maori lore of lake, alp and fiord: folklore, fairytales, traditions and place names of the scenic wonders of the South Island. Otago Daily Times and Witness Newspaper Co. Ltd, Dunedin: 150 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • BENHAM, W. B. 1903. A note on the Oligochaeta of the New Zealand lakes. Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 36: 192–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • BENHAM, W. B. 1904. Some new species of aquatic Oligochaeta from New Zealand. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 2: 202–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • BESCH, W. 1964. Systematik und Verbreitung der südamerikanischen rheophilen Hydrachnellen. Beitr. z. Neotrop. Fauna 3: 77–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BISHOP, J. A. 1967. The zoogeography of the Australian freshwater Decapod Crustacea. In: A. H. WEATHERLEY (ed.). Australian inland waters and their fauna. Australian National University Press, Canberra: 107–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • BOTTOMLEY, G. A. 1956. Seiches on Lake Wakatipu, New Zealand. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 83:579–587.

    Google Scholar 

  • BREHM, V. 1956. Süsswasserfauna und Tiergeographie. Öst. Zool. Z. 6: 250–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • BREHM, V. 1958. Crustacea: Phyllopoda und Copepoda Calanoida. South African Animal Life, Uppsala 5: 10–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • BRIGGS, M. H. 1962a. The presence offree sugars, peptides and amino acids in filtered lake waters. Life Sciences 8: 377–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BRIGGS, M. H. 1962b. Further organic constituents of filtered lake waters. Life Sciences 11: 649–651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BRINKHURST, R. O. 1971. The aquatic Oligochaeta known from Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, and the adjacent islands.University of Queensland Papers, Department of Zoology 3: 99–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • BRINKHURST, R. O. & JAMIESON, B. G. M. 1971. Aquatic Oligochaeta of the world. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh: 860 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • BROCK, T. D. & BROCK, M. L. 1971. Microbiological studies of thermal habitats of the central volcanic region, North Island, New Zealand.N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 5: 233–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BRODIE, J. W. & IRWIN, J. 1970. Morphology and sedimentation in Lake Wakatipu, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 4: 479–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BRUNDIN, L. 1958. The bottom faunistical lake type system and its application to the southern hemisphere. Moreover a theory of glacial erosion as a factor of productivity in lakes and oceans. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 13: 288–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • BRUNDIN, L. 1966. Transantarctic relationships and their significance, as evidenced by chironomid midges with a monograph of the subfamilies Podonominae and Aphro. teniinae and the austral Heptagyiae. Kungl. Svenska Vet. Handl. 11, 1: 472 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • BURNET, A. M. R. 1968. A study of the relationships between brown trout and eels in a New Zealand stream. Fish. Tech. Rep. N-Z. Mar. Dept. 26: 27 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • BURNET, A. M. R. 1969. A study of the inter-relation between eels and trout, the invertebrate fauna and the feeding habits of the fish. Fish. Tech. Rep. N.Z. Mar. Dept. 36: 23 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • BURNET, A. M. R., CRANFIELD, H. J. & BENZIE, V. L. 1969. The Freshwater Fishes. In: G. A. KNOX (ed.). The Natural History of Canterbury. Reed, Wellington: 498. 508.

    Google Scholar 

  • BYARS, J. A. 1960. A freshwater pond in New Zealand. Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 11: 222–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CASSIE, V. 1969. Seasonal variation in phytoplankton from Lake Rotorua and other inland waters, New Zealand, 1966–67. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 3: 98–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CHAPMAN, V. J. 1970. A history of the lake-weed infestation of the Rotorua lakes and the lakes of the Waikato hydroelectric system. N.Z. Dept. Sci. Industr. Res. Inf. Ser. 78: 52 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • CHAPMAN, V. J., BROWN, J. M. A., DROMGOOLE, F. I. & COFFEY, B. T. 1971a. Submerged vegetation of the Rotorua and Waikato lakes. 1. Lake Rotoiti. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 5: 259–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CHAPMAN, V. J., COFFEY, B. T. & BROWN, J. M. A. 1971b. Submerged vegetation of the Rotorua and Waikato lakes. 2. ‘Cyclic change’ in Lake Rotoiti. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 5: 461–482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CHILTON, C. 1894. The subterranean Crustacea of New Zealand: with some general remarks on the fauna of caves and wells. Trans. Linn. Soe. Lond. second series, £00/. 6: 163–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CHILTON, C. 1909. The freshwater Amphipoda of New Zealand. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 41: 53–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, B. G. 1965. Oscillations of Lake Wakatipu. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. Gen. 1: 183–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • CUNNINGHAM, B. T., MOAR, N. T., TORRIE, A. W. & PARR, P.J. 1953. A survey of the western coastal dune lakes of the North Island, New Zealand. Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 4: 343–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CUSSEN, L. 1887. Notes on the physiography and geology of the King Country. Trans. Proc. N.Z Inst. 20:316–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • DEEVEY, E. S. 1955. Palaeolimnology of the Upper Swamp Deposit, Pyramid Valley. Rec. Cant. Mus. 6: 291–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • FISH, G. R. 1963. Observations on excessive weed growth in two lakes in New Zealand. N.Z. J. Bot. 1: 410–418.

    Google Scholar 

  • FISH, G. R. 1966a. An artificially maintained trout population in a Northland lake. N.Z. J. Sci. 9: 200–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • FISH, G. R. 1966b. Some effects of the destruction of aquatic weeds in Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand. Weed Res. 6: 350–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FISH, G. R. 1968. An examination of the trout population of five lakes near Rotorua, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 2: 333–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FISH, G. R. 1969a. The oxygen content of some New Zealand lakes.Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 17: 392–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • FISH, G. R. 1969b. Lakes: the value of recent research to measure eutrophication and to indicate possible causes. J. Hydrol. (N.Z.) 8: 77–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • FISH, G. R. 1970. A limnological study of four lakes near Rotorua. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 4: 165–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FISH, G. R. 1971. Craspedacusta sowerbyi Lankester (Coelenterata: Limnomedusae) in New Zealand lakes. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 5: 66–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FISH, G. R. & CHAPMAN, M. A. 1969. Synoptic surveys of Lakes Rotorua and Rotoiti. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 3: 571–584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FISH, G. R. & WILL, G. M. 1966. Fluctuations in the chemical composition of two lake weeds from New Zealand. Water Res. 6: 346–349.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FITTKAU, E. J. 1969. The fauna of South America. In: E. J. FITTKAU, J. ILLIES, H. KLINGE, G. H. SCHWABE, H. SIOLI (eds.). Biogeography and ecology in South America, Junk, The Hague, 2: 624–658.

    Google Scholar 

  • FLINT, E. A. 1938. A preliminary study of the phytoplankton in Lake Sarah (New Zealand). J. Ecol. 26: 353–358.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FLINT, E. A. 1966. Toxic algae in some New Zealand freshwater ponds. N.Z. Vet. J. 14: 181–185.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FLINT, E. A. 1970. Phytoplankton in some New Zealand surface waters. N.Z. Water Conf. 1970, Proc. Pt. 1: 7.1–7.15.

    Google Scholar 

  • FORSYTH, D.J. 1971. Some New Zealand Chironomidae (Diptera). J. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 1: 113–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • FREEMAN, P. 1959. A study of New Zealand Ghironomidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., Entomol. 7: 395–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • GAGE, M. 1959. On the origin of some lakes in Canterbury. N. Z. Geographer 15: 69–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GOLDMAN, C. R. 1964. Primary productivity and micro-nutrient limiting factors in some North American and New Zealand lakes. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 15: 365–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • GOLDMAN, C. R. 1972. The role of minor nutrients in limiting the productivity of aquatic ecosystems. In: G. E. LIKENS (ed.). Nutrients and Eutrophication: The limiting-nutrient controversy. Amer. Soc. Limnol. Oceanogr., Kansas; Special Symposia, 1: 21–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • GREEN, J. D. 1967. Studies on the zooplankton of Lake Pupuke. Tane 13: 77–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • GREEN, J. D., NORRIE, P. H. & CHAPMAN, M. A. 1968. An internal seiche in Lake Rotoiti. Tane 14: 3–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • HAMILTON, A. 1940. The New Zealand Dobson-fly (Archichauliodes diversus Walk.): life—history and bionomics. N.Z. J. Sci. Teehnol. 22(1 A): 44A–55A.

    Google Scholar 

  • HARRISON, A. D. 1962. Hydrobiological studies on alkaline and acid still waters in the Western Cape Province. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 36: 213–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HARRISON, A. D. 1965. Geographical distribution of riverine invertebrates in Southern Africa. Arch. Hydrobiol. 61: 387–394.

    Google Scholar 

  • HELSON, G. A. H. 1934. The bionomics and anatomy of Stenoperla prasina (Newman). Trans. Proc. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 64: 214–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • HILGENDORF, F. W. 1918. Notes from the Canterbury College Mountain Biological Station, Cass. No. 6. The insect life.Trans. N.Z. Inst. 50: 135–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • HIRSCH, A. 1958. Biological evaluation of organic pollution of New Zealand streams. N.Z. J. Sci. 1: 500–553.

    Google Scholar 

  • HOPKINS, C. L. 1966. Two new species of water mite (Acari, Hydrachnellae) from New Zealand. Trans. Roy. Soc. NZ. (ZooL) 8: 111–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • HOPKINS, C. L. 1967. New genera and species of water mites (Acari, Hydrachnellae) from New Zealand. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. (Zool) 33–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • HOPKINS, C. L. 1970. Some aspects of the bionomics offish in a brown trout nursery stream. Fish. Res. Bull. N.Z. Mar. Dept. 4: 38 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • HOPKINS, C. L. 1971. Production offish in two small streams in the North Island of New Zealand. N.Z. 3. Mar. Freshw. Res. 5: 280–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HOPKINS, C. L., BREWERTON, H. V. & MCGRATH, H. J. W. 1966. The effect on a stream fauna of an aerial application of DDT prills to pasture land. N.Z. J. Sci. 9: 236–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • HUTCHINSON, G. E. 1957. A treatise on limnology. Volume 1. Geography, Physics and Chemistry. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • HUTCHINSON, G. E., PICKFORD, G. E. & SCHUURMAN, J. F. M. 1932. A contribution to the hydrobiology of pans and other inland waters of South Africa. Arch. Hydrobiol. 24:1–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • ILLIES, J. 1969. Biogeography and ecology of neotropical freshwater insects, especially those from running waters. IN: E.J. FITTKAU, J. ILLIES, H. KLINGE, G. H. SCHWABE & H. SIOLI (eds.). Biogeography and ecology in South America, Junk, The Hague: 685–708.

    Google Scholar 

  • IRWIN, J. 1968. Observations of temperatures in some Rotorua district lakes. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 2: 591–605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IRWIN, J. 1971. Exploratory limnological studies of Lake Manapouri, South Island, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 5: 164–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IRWIN, J. & JOLLY, V. H. 1970. Seasonal and areal temperature variation in Lake Wakatipu.N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 4: 210–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • JOHNSTONE, I. M. 1972. Limnology of Western Springs, Auckland, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 6: 298–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • JOLLY, V. H. 1952. A preliminary study of the limnology of Lake Hayes. Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 3: 74–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • JOLLY, V. H. 1957. Thermal stratification in some New Zealand lakes. Proc. N.Z. Ecol. Soc. 4: 43–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • JOLLY, V. H. 1965. Diurnal surface concentrations of Zooplankton in Lake Taupo, New Zealand. Hydrobiologia 25: 466–472.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • JOLLY, V. H. 1968. The comparative limnology of some New Zealand lakes. I. Physical and chemical. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 2: 214–259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LöFFLER, H. 1958. Die Klimatypen des holomiktischen Sees und ihre Bedeutung für zoogeographische Fragen. Öst. Akad. Wiss. Math. Nat. Kl., Abt. 1 167: 1–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • LöFFLER, H. 1960. Limnologische Untersuchungen an chilenischen and peruanischen Binnengewässern. 1. Die physikalisch-chemischen Verhältnisse. Ark. Geofysik 3: 155–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • LöFFLER, H. 1962. Zur Systematik und Ökologie der chilenischen Süsswasserentomo. straken. Beitr. Z. Neotrop. Fauna 2: 143–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LUCAS, K. 1904. A bathymetrical survey of the lakes of New Zealand. Geogr. J. 23: 645–660, 744–760.

    Google Scholar 

  • MASON, R. 1969. The vegetation of fresh waters. IN: G. A. KNOX (ed.). The Natural History of Canterbury, Reed, Wellington: 452–457.

    Google Scholar 

  • MCDOWALL, R. M. 1964. The affinities and derivation of the New Zealand freshwater fish fauna. Tuatara 12: 59–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • MCDOWALL, R. M. 1965a. Studies on the biology of the red—finned bully Gobiomorphus huttoni (Ogilby). II. Breeding and life history. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. Zool. 5: 177–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • MCDOWALL, R. M. 1965b. Studies on the biology of the red—finned bully Gobiomorphus huttoni (Ogilby). III. Food studies. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z, Zool. 233–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • MCDOWALL, R. M. 1968. Interactions of the native and alien faunas of New Zealand and the problem offish introductions. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 97: 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MCDOWALL, R. M. 1970a. The Galaxiid fishes of New Zealand. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 139: 341–432.

    Google Scholar 

  • MCDOWALL, R. M. 1970b. A second species of Galaxias common to Tasmania and New Zealand (Pisces: Galaxiidae). Ree. Dom. Mus. 7: 13–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • MCLAY, C. L. 1968. A study of drift in the Kakanui River, New Zealand. Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 19: 139–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MCLEAN, J. A. 1966. A comparative ecological study of three stream faunas in the Auckland area. Tane 12: 97–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • ME MICHAEL, D. F. 1967. Australian freshwater Mollusca and their probable evolutionary relationships: a summary of present knowledge. IN: A. H. WEATHERLEY (ed.). Australian inland waters and their fauna, Australian National University Press, Canberra: 123–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • MITCHELL, S. F. 1971. Phytoplankton productivity in Tomahawk Lagoon, Lake Waipori, and Lake Mahinerangi. Fish. Res. Bull. N.Z. Mar. Dept. 3: 87 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • NICHOLLS, G. E. 1944. The Phreatoioidea. Part II. The Phreatoicidae. Pap. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania 1943: 1–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • PARROTT, A. W. 1929. N. Cant. Acclim. Soc. 65th Ann. Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • PERCIVAL, E. 1932. On the depreciation of trout—fishing in the Oreti (or New river), Southland, with remarks on conditions in other parts of New Zealand. Fish. Bull. N.Z. Mar. Dept. 5: 48 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • PERCIVAL, E. 1951. Planktonic animals in Lakes Lyndon and Pearson. N. Cant. Acclim. Soc., 87th Ann. Report: 22–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • PERCIVAL, E. undated. Remarks on the freshwater fauna of New Zealand. Unpublished manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  • PERCIVAL, E. & BURNET, A. M. R. 1963. A study of the Lake Lyndon rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii). N.Z. J. Sci. 6: 273–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • PHILLIPPS, W.J. & GRIGG, F.J. T. 1922. The geochemistry of the thermal lakes, North Island, New Zealand, in relation to problems bearing on the acclimatized Salmonidae. N.Z. J. Sci. Technol. 5: 156–165.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PHILLIPS, J. S. 1929. A report on the food of trout and other conditions affecting their well—being in the Wellington district.Fish. Bull. N.Z. Mar. Dept. 2: 31 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • PONDER, W. F. 1964. The freshwater Mollusca of New Zealand. Tone 10: 12–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • REID, J. 1964. Study of cause and effects of eutrophication of Lake Rotorua. Health Dept. Rept., Rotorua: 4 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • REID, L. W. 1966. Wastewater pollution and general eutrophication of a hydroelectric impoundment. J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed. 38: 165–174.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RODHE, W. 1949. The ionic composition of lake waters. Verh. Int. Ver.Limnol. 10: 377–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • RUSSELL, C. R. 1960. An index to the Rotatoria of New Zealand and outlying islands from 1859 to 1959. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 88: 443–461.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHMINKE, H. K. & NOODT, W. 1968. Discovery of Bathynellacea, Stygocaridacea and other interstitial Crustacea in New Zealand. Naturwiss. 1968: 184–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SCOTT, D. 1966. The substrate cover—fraction concept. In: K. W. CUMMINS, C. A. TRYON & R. T. HARTMAN (eds.). Organism—substrate relationships in streams, Pymatuning Symposia in Ecology, Univ. of Pittsburgh, Spec. Public. 4: 75–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, D. C. W. 1959. The biology of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) in the lakes of the Rotorua district, North Island. N.Z. J. Sci. 2: 275–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • STEVENSON, G. B. 1952. A study of the Wellington city water supply with special reference to plankton growth in storage reservoirs. N.Z. J. Sci. Technol. B. 34: 26–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • STOUT, V. M. 1964. Studies on temporary ponds in Canterbury, New Zealand. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 15: 209–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • STOUT, V. M. 1969a. Life in lakes and ponds. In: G. A. KNOX (ed.). The Natural History of Canterbury, Reed, Wellington: 458–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • STOUT, V. M. 1969b. The invertebrate fauna of the rivers and streams. In: G. A. KNOX (ed.). The Natural History of Canterbury, Reed, Wellington: 471–497.

    Google Scholar 

  • STOUT, V. M. 1969c. Lakes in the mountain region of Canterbury, New Zealand. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 17: 404–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • STOUT, V. M. 1970. The invertebrate animals of New Zealand inland waters and factors influencing their distribution. N.Z. Water Conf. 1970,Proc. Pt I: 11.1–11.24.

    Google Scholar 

  • STOUT, V. M. 1972. Plankton composition in relation to nutrient inflow in a small New Zealand lake. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 18: 605–612.

    Google Scholar 

  • STOUT, V. M. 1973. The freshwater environment. In: G. R. WILLIAMS (ed.). The Natural History of New Zealand, Reed, Wellington: 229–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • THOMASSON, K. 1955. Studies on South American freshwater plankton. 3. Plankton from Tierra del Fuego and Valdivia.Acta Horti Gotoburgensis 19: 193–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • THOMASSON, K. 1957. Studies on South American freshwater plankton. 1. Notes on the plankton from Tierra del Fuego and Valdivia. Ann. Soc. Nat. Univ. Tartu, N.S. 1: 52–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • THOMASSON, K. 1960. Some planktic Staurastra from New Zealand. Bot. Notiser 113: 225–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • THOMASSON, K. 1963. Araucanian Lakes. Plankton studies in North Patagonia, with notes on terrestrial vegetation. Acta Phytogeogr. Suec. 47: 139 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • THOMASSON, K. 1964. Plankton and environment of North Patagonian lakes. Ann. Soc. Nat. Univ. Tartu, N.S. 4: 9–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • TILLYARD, R. J. 1920. Report on the neuropteroid insects of the hot springs region, New Zealand, in relation to the problem of trout food. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 45: 205–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • VIDAL, I. L. 1968. An addition to the genus Boeckella (Copepoda) in New Zealand. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 2: 684–687.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • VOLLENWEIDER, R. A. 1968. Scientific fundamentals of the eutrophication of lakes and flowing waters, with particular reference to nitrogen and phosphorus as factors in eutrophication. O.E.C.D., Paris. Mimeographed report.

    Google Scholar 

  • WILLIAMS, W. D. 1964. Some chemical features of Tasmanian inland waters. Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 15: 107–122.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WILLIAMS, W. D. 1965. The distinctiveness of Australia’s inland aquatic fauna. Aust. Soc. Limnol. Newsl. 4: 36–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • WILLIAMS, W. D. 1967. The chemical characteristics of lentic surface waters in Australia. In: A. H. WEATHERLEY (ed.). Australian inland waters and their fauna, Australian National University Press, Canberra: 18–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • WILLIAMS, W. D. & WAN, H. F. 1972. Some distinctive features of Australian inland waters. Water Res. 6: 829–836.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WINTER, J. W. 1964. A survey of Lake Roxburgh, a recent hydro—electric dam. Proc. N.Z. Ecol. Soc. 11: 16–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • WINTERBOURN, M. J. 1968. The faunas of thermal waters in New Zealand. Tuatara 16: 111–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winterbourn, M. J. 1969a. Water temperature as a factor limiting the distribution of Potamopyrgus antipodum (Gastropoda. Prosobranchia) in the New Zealand thermal region N.Z.J Mar. Freshw. Res. 3: 453–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WINTERBOURN, M. J. 1969b. The distribution of algae and insects in hot spring thermal gradients at Waimangu, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 3: 459–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WINTERBOURN, M. J. & BROWN, T. J. 1967. Observations on the faunas of two warm streams in the Taupo thermal region. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 1: 38–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WISELY, B. 1962. Studies on Ephemeroptera. II.Coloburiscus humeralis (Walker); ecology and distribution of the nymphs. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. Zool. 2: 209–220.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. V. M. Stout
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Auckland, New Zealand

    G. Kuschel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1975 Dr. W. Junk b.v., Publishers, The Hague

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stout, V.M. (1975). The Limnology. In: Kuschel, G. (eds) Biogeography and Ecology in New Zealand. Monographiae Biologicae, vol 27. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1941-5_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1941-5_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-1943-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-1941-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation