Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Lipid emulsions and technique of peripheral administration in parenteral nutrition

  • Chapter
Current Concepts in Parenteral Nutrition

Abstract

After the introduction of a safe fat emulsion around 1960, the supply of sufficient amounts of energy in parenteral nutrition was no longer a problem (1). This was the last link in a long Series of investigations pertaining to complete intravenous nutrition starting with the studies on intravenous amino acid supply by Elman (2) 40 years ago.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Schuberth, O. and Wretlind, A., Intravenous infusion of fat emulsions, phosphatides and emulsifying agents. Clinical and experimental studies. Acta Chir. Scand., Suppl. 278, 3 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Elman, R., Amino-acid content of the blood following intravenous injection of hydrolysed casein. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 37: 437 (1937).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Schoefl, G. I., The ultrastructure of chylomicra and of the particles in an artificial fat emulsion. Proc. Roy. Soc. B. 169: 147 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Fraser, R. and Häkansson, I., Personal communication (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Solassol, C. et Joyeux, H., Nouvelles techniques pour nutrition parentérale chronique. Ann. Anësth. Franc. Spécial II: 75 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Häkansson, L., Experience in long-term studies on nine intravenous fat emulsions in dogs. Nutr. Dieta 10: 54 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Jacobson, S. and Wretlind, A., The use of fat emulsions for complete intravenous nutrition. In: Fox, Jr., C. L. and Nahas, G. G. (eds.), Body Fluid Replacement in the Surgical Patient. Grune and Stratton, New York, p. 334 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Berg, G., Teichmann, K. D., Wörde, G., Bergner, D. und Hahn, H., Langfristige parenterale Applikation von Fettemulsionen beim Zwergschwein. Zschr. für Ernäh-rungswiss. 10: 1 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Boberg, J. and Carlson, L., Determination of heparin-induced lipoprotein lipase activity in human plasma. Clin. Chim. Acta 10: 420 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hallberg, D., Studies on the elimination of exogenous lipids from the blood stream. The kinetics for the elimination of a fat emulsion studied by single injection technique in man. Acta Physiol. Scand664: 306 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hallberg, D., Elimination of exogenous lipids from the blood stream. An experimental, methodological and clinical study in dog and man. Acta Physiol. Scand., Suppl. 65: 254 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wilmore, D. W., Moylan, J. A., Helmkamp, G. M. and Pruitt, B. A., Jr., Clinical evaluation of a 10% intravenous fat emulsion for parenteral nutrition in thermally injured patients. Ann. Surg. 78: 503 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Forget, P. P., Fernandes, J. and Haverkamp-Begemann, P., Enhancement of fat elimination during intravenous feeding. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 63: 750 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. MacFadyen, B., Maynard, A. and Dudrick, S. J., Triglyceride and free fatty acid clearances and linoleic acid repletion using 10% soybean oil emulsion in patients receiving standard parenteral hyperalimentation. Abstracts of short communication presented at the IXth International Congress of Nutrition in Mexico City, p. 198, Sept. 3–9 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Coran, A. G. and Nesbakken, R., The metabolism of intravenously administered fat in adult and newborn dogs. Surgery 66: 922 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Gustafsson, A., Kjellmer, L., Olegärd, R. and Victorin, L., Nutrition in low-birth-weight infants. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 61: 149 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Carlson, L. A. and Hallberg, D., Studies on the elimination of exogenous lipids from the blood stream. The kinetics of the elimination of a fat emulsion and of chylomicrons in the dog after single injection. Acta Physiol. Scand. 59: 52 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Böberg, J., Carlson, L. A. and Hallberg, D., Application of a new intravenous fat tolerance test in the study of hypertriglyceridaemia in man. J. Atheroscl. Res. 9: 159 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Carlson, L. A. and Rössner, S., A methodological study of an intravenous fat tolerance test with Intralipid emulsion. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 29: 243 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Carlson, L. A. and Liljedahl, S.-O., Lipid metabolism and trauma. IV. Effect of treatment with intravenous fat emulsion on plasma lipids, protein and clinical condition of burned patients. Acta Chir. Scand. 137: 123 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Lamke, L.-O., Liljedahl, S.-O. et Wretlind, A., Aspects nutritionnels et cliniques de la nutrition intra-veineuse chez les brûlés. Ann. Anësth. Franc. Spécial II, 15: 27 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Warembourg, H., Biserte, G., Jaillard, J., Bertrand, M. et Sezille, G., Etude comparée des cinétiques d’épuration plasmatique de deux émulsions lipidiques injectables chez l’homme et chez l’animal. C.R. Soc. Biol. 160: 1234 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lemperle, G., Reichelt, M. and Denk, S., The evaluation of phagocytic activity in men by means of a lipid-clearing-test. Abstract from 6th International Meeting of the Reticuloendothelial Society, p. 83 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Dewailly, P., Trupin, N., Nouvelot, A., Fruchart, J. C., Jaillard, J. et Sezille, G., Etude métabolique de trois émulsions lipidiques utilisées dans l’alimentation parenté-raie. II. Etude par perfusion de foie de rat isolé. Nutr. Metabol. 19: 318 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Gigon, J. P., Enderlein, F. und Scheidegger, S., Über das Schicksal infundierter Fettemulsionen in der menschlichen Lunge. Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 96: 71 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Scholler, K. L., Transport und Speicherung von Fettemulsionteilchen. Z. prakt. Anästh. Wiederbel. 3: 193 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Huth, K. W., Schoenborn, W. und Börner, J., Zur Pathogenese der Unverträglichkeitserscheinungen bei parenteraler Fettzufuhr. Med. Ernähr. 8: 146 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Carpentier, Y., Delespesse, G. et Collett, H., Evolution des capacités immunologiques des patients sous nutrition parentérale. A propos de 20 cas. Abstract de Congrès International de Nutrition Parentérale, Montpellier, p. 48, Sept. 12–14 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Duckert, F. und Hartmann, G., Intravenöse Fettinfusion und Blutgerinnung. Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 96: 1205 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Hartmann, G., Fettemulsionen (Intralipid) in der inneren Medizin. Wien. Med. Wschr. 117: 51 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Cronberg, S. and Nilsson, I.-M., Coagulation studies after administration of a fat emulsion intralipid. Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh. 18: 364 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kapp, J. P., Duckert, F. and Hartmann, G., Platelet adhesiveness and serum lipids during and after Intralipid (r) infusions. Nutr. Metabol. 13: 92 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Steinbereithner, K. und Wagner, O., Das Verhalten des arteriellen Sauerstoff drucks nach intravenöser Fett- und Laevulosebelastung bei schweren Schädel verletzten. Agressologie8: 389 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Greene, H., Hazlett, D., Démarre, R. and Dramesi, J., Effect of Intralipid on pulmonary function in normal humans and on electron microscopy of rabbit lung and liver. Abstracts of short communications presented at the IXth International Congress of Nutrition in Mexico City, p. 197, Sept. 3–9 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Sundström, G., Zauner, C. W. and Arborelius, M., Decrease in pulmonary diffusing capacity during lipid infusion in healthy men. J. Appl. Phys. 34: 816 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Dudrick, S. J., Wilmore, D. W., Vars, H. M. and Rhoads, J. E., Can intravenous feeding as the sole means of nutrition support growth in the child and restore weight loss in adult Ann. Surg. 169: 974 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Bernhoff, A., Negative inotropic effect of hyperosmotic infusion fluids. Opusc. Med. 15: 162 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Schärli, A., Praktische Gesichtspunkte bei der vollen parenteralen Ernährung. Int. Z. Vitaminforsch. 35: 52 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Abbott, W. E., Davies, J. H., Benson, J. W., Krieger, H. and Levey, S., Metabolie alterations in surgical patients. VI. The effect on weight and nitrogen balance of providing varying caloric intakes by intravenous carbohydrate, fat and amino acids in gastrectomized patients. Surg. Forum 5: 501 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Wadström, L. R. and Wiklund, P. E., Effect of fat emulsions on nitrogen balance in the postoperative period. Acta Chir. Scand. Suppl. 325: 50 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Larsen, V. and Brôckner, J., Nitrogen balance and operative stress. Effect of early postoperative nutrition on nitrogen balance following major surgery. Acta Chir. Scand. Suppl. 343: 191 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Hallberg, D., Schuberth, O. and Wretlind, A., Experimental and clinical studies with fat emulsion for intravenous nutrition. Nutr. Dieta 8: 254 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Reid, D. J., Intravenous fat therapy. II. Changes in oxygen consumption and respiratory quotient. Brit. J. Surg. 54: 204 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Jeejeebhoy, K. N., Andersson, G. H., Nakhooda, A. F., Greenberg, G. R., Sanderson, I. and Marliss, E. B., Metabolic studies in total parenteral nutrition with lipid in man. Comparison with glucose. J. Clin. Invest. 57: 125 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Gazzaniga, A. B., Bartlett, R. H. and Shobe, J. B., Nitrogen balance in patients receiving either fat or carbohydrate for total intravenous nutrition. Ann. Surg. 182: 163 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Brennan, M. F., Fitzpatrick, G. F., Cohen, K. H. and Moore, F. D., Glycerol: Major contributor to the short-term protein sparing effect of fat emulsions in normal man. Ann. Surg. 182: 386 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Long, J. M., Wilmore, D. W., Mason, A. D. and Pruitt, B. A., Fat carbohydrate interaction: Effects on nitrogen sparing in total intravenous feeding. Surg. Forum 25: 61 (1974).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Bark, S., Holm, I., Häkansson, I. and Wretlind, A., Nitrogen sparing effect of fat emulsion compared to glucose in the postoperative period. Acta Chir. Scand. To be published (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Greenberg, G. R., Marliss, E. B., Anderson, G. H., Langer, B., Spence, W., Tovee, E. B. and Jeejeebhoy, K. N., Protein-sparing therapy in postoperative patients. Effects of added hypocaloric glucose or lipid. New Engl. J. Med. 294: 1411 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Geyer, R. P., Chipman, J. and Stare, F. J., Oxidation in vivo of emulsified radioactive trilaurin administered intravenously. J. Biol. Chem. 176: 1469 (1948).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Lerner, S. R., Chaikoff, I. L., Enteman, C. and Dauben, W. G., The fate of C14-labelled palmatic acid administered intravenously as a tripalmitin emulsion. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 70: 384 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Eckart, J., Tempel, G., Kaul, A. und Shürbrand, P., Untersuchungen zur Utilization parenteral verabfolgter Triglyceride nach Operationen und Traumen. Infusionstherapie 2: 138 (1973/74).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Lindmark, L. and Wretlind, A., Personal communication (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Yokoyama, K., Okamoto, H., Tsuda, Y and Suyama, T., Metabolism of intravenously injected fat emulsion. Abstracts of Xth International Congress of nutrition in Kyoto, Japan, p. 226, August 3–9 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Peaston, M. J. T., Design of an intravenous diet of amino acids and fat suitable for intensive patient-care. Brit. Med. J. 2: 388 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Peaston, M. J. T., Maintenance of metabolism during intensive patient-care. Postgrad. Med. J. 43: 41 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Stell, P. M., Esophageal replacement by transposed stomach. Arch. Otolaryng. 91: 166 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Bergström, K., Blomstrand, R. and Jacobson, S., Long-term complete intravenous nutrition in man. Nutr. Metabol. Suppl. 14: 118 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Steinbereithner, K., Problems of artificial alimentation in an intensive therapy unit. (Possibilities and limitations). In: Evans, F. T. and Gray, T. (eds.), Chapter 11, Modern Trends in Anaesthesia. Butterworths, London (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Allen, P. C. and Lee, H. A., A clinical guide to intravenous nutrition. Blackwell, Oxford (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Deitel, M. and Kaminsky, V., Total nutrition by peripheral vein - the lipid system. CMA Journal III: 152 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Rickham, P. P., Massive small intestinal resection in newborn infants. Hungarian lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Ann. Roy. Coll. Surg. Engl. 41: 480 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Borresen, H. C. and Knutrud, O., Parenteral feeding of neonates undergoing major surgery. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 59: 420 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  64. Borresen, H. C., Coran, A. G. and Knutrud, O., Postoperative parenteral ernaering av nyfôdte. Nord. Med. 85: 1089 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  65. Borresen, H. C., Coran, A. G. and Knutrud, O., parenteral feeding of newborns undergoing major surgery. In: Berg, G. (ed.), Advances in Parenteral Nutrition. Symposium of the International Society of Parenteral Nutrition, Prague, Sept 3–4, 1969. G. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, p. 93 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Grotte, G., Nutrition parentérale du nourrisson. In: Nahas, G.-ntérale du nourrisson. In: Nahas, G.-G. et Viars, P. (eds.), Les Solutés de Substitution et Rééquilibration Métabolique. Librairie Arnette, Paris, p. 509 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  67. Grotte, G., Esscher, T., Hambraeus, L. and Meurling, S., Total Parenteral Nutrition in pediatric surgery. In: Proceedings Meeting, Vancouver, published by Pharmacia (Canada) Ltd., 2044 St.Regis Blvd., Dorval, Quebec, p. 140 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Meng, H. C. and Early, F., Study of complete parenteral alimentation on dogs. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 34: 1121 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Pensler, L., Whitten, C., Paulsrud, J. and Holman, R. T., A study of fat metabolism during fat-free iv therapy. American Pediatric Society and Society for Pediatric Research. Abstracts, p. 1677 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  70. Caldwell, M. D., Meng, H. C., and Jonsson, H. T., Essential fatty acids deficiency (efad) - Now a human disease. Fed. Am. Soc. exptl. Bipl. 57th Annual Meeting, N.J., No. 3913, April 15–20 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  71. Paulsrud, J. R., Pensler, L., Whitten, C. F., Stewart, S. and Holman, R. T., Essential fatty acid deficiency in infants induced by fat free intravenous feeding. Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 25: 897 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Collins, F. D., Sinclair, A. J., Boyle, J. P., Coats, D. A., Maynard, A. Y. and Leonard, R. F., Plasma lipids in human linoleic acid deficiency. Nutr. Metabol. 13: 150 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Jeejeebhoy, K. N., Zohrab, W. J., Langer, B., Phillips, M. J., Kuksis, A. and Anders-son, G. H., Total parenteral nutrition at home for 23 months without complication and with good rehabilitation. Gastroenterology 65: 811 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Büchner, H. und Cesnik, H., Erfahrungen über parenterale Fettzufuhr bei schwer Verletzten. Med. Klin. 57: 1482 (1962).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Ostergaard, J., Parenteral nutrition of operated patients. Nutr. Dieta 5: 408 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  76. Schuberth, O., Klinische Erfahrungen mit Fettemulsionen für intravenöse Anwendung. Berliner Med. 14: 235 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  77. Freuchen, I., Intravenous fat emulsion. Nutr. Dieta 5: 403 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Jones, E., Robinson, J. S. and McConn, R., Maintenance of metabolism during intensive patient care. Parenteral Nutrition Colloquium. Lowe and Brydone Printers, Ltd., London, p. 32 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  79. Schärli, A., Beitrag zur parenteralen Ernährung bei chirurgisch Kranken. Praxis 53: 1215 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  80. Lawson, L. J., Parenteral nutrition in surgery. Brit. J. Surg. 52: 795 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Lee, H. A. and Shortle, W. P. J., Parenteral nutrition. King’s Coll. Hosp. Gaz. 44: 192 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  82. Hadfield, J. I. H., High calorie intravenous feeding in surgical patients. Clin. Med. 73: 25 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  83. Freuchen, I. und Østergaard, J., Die parenterale Ernährung von Operationspatienten. Wien. Med. Wschr. 117: 49 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Vlaardingerbroek, V. M., Experiences with intravenous nourishment. Nederlands Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 111: 415 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Hartmann, G., Fettemulsionen (Intralipid) in der inneren Medizin. Wien. Med. Wschr. 117: 51 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Feischl, P. und Hiotakis, K., Vollständige parenterale Ernährung bei schwerem Tetanus. Med. Klin. 64: 2296 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Liljedahl, S.-O., Burn treatment at Karolinska hospital in Stockholm. Opusc. Med. 15: 179 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  88. Jacobson, S., Long-term parenteral nutrition following massive intestinal resection. Nutr. Metabol. 14: 150 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Zumtobel, V. und Zehle, A., Postoperative parenterale Ernährung mit Fettemulsionen bei Patienten mit Leberschäden. Langenbeck’s Arch. klin. Chir. Suppl. Chir. Forum, p. 179 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  90. Geremy, F., Nguyen-Huy-Dung et Deligné, P., Etude par bilans azotés en période catabolique post-operatoire d’une nouvelle solution de 1-amino-acids (V 15 001 ou Vamin). Ann. Anésth. Franc. 12: 583 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  91. Kessler, E., Hyperalimentation in the management of gastrointestinal cutaneous fistulae. South Afr. J. Surg. 12: 101 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Hallberg, D., Holm, I., Obel, A.-L., Schuberth, O. and Wretlind, A., Fat emulsion for complete intravenous nutrition. Postgrad. Med.42: A71, A87, A99, A149 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Jacobson, S., Ericsson, J. and Obel, A.-L., Histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the human liver during complete intravenous nutrition for seven months. Acta Chir. Scand. 137: 335 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Yeo, M. T., Gazzaniga, A. B., Bartlett, R. H., Shobe, J. B. and Irvine, R. N., Total intravenous nutrition. Experience with fat emulsions and hypertonic glucose. Arch. Surg. 106: 792 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Coran, A. G., The intravenous use of fat for the total parenteral nutrition of the infant. Lipids 7: 455 (1972).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Caldwell, M. D., Jonsson, H. T. and Othersen, H. B., Essential fatty acid deficiency in an infant receiving prolonged parenteral alimentation. J. Ped. 81: 894 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Heird, W. C., Driscoll, J. M., Jr., Schullinger, J. N., Grebin, B. and Winters, R. W., Intravenous alimentation in pediatric patients. J. Ped. 80: 351 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Wei, P., Hamilton, J. R. and LeBlanc, A. E., A clinical and metabolic study of an intravenous feeding technique using peripheral veins as the initial infusion site. CMA Journal, 106: 969 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Børresen, H. G., Balanced intravenous nutrition in pediatric surgery. Nutr. Metabol. Suppl. 14: 114 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  100. Coran, A. G., Total intravenous feeding of infants and children without the use of a central venous catheter. Ann. Surg. 179: 445 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Pendray, M. R., Peripheral vein feeding in infants: Technique, results and problems. Proceeding Meeting Vancouver, published by Pharmacia (Canada) Ltd., 2044 St. Regis Blvd., Dorval, Quebec, p. 158 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  102. Puri, P., Guiney, E. J. and O’Donnell, B., Total parenteral feeding in infants using peripheral veins. Arch. Dis. Childh. 50: 133 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Schärli, A. und Rumlova, E., Parenterale Ernährung in der Kinderchirurgie. Ergebnisse von Bilanzuntersuchungen. Infusionstherapie 2: 51 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  104. Schmidtsdorf, G., Aspekte der parenteralen Ernährung. Zbl. Chir. 97: 11 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Lemperle, G. und Reichelt, M., Der Lipofundin-Clearance-Test. Med. Klin. 68: 48 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Voss, U. und Schnell, J., Parenterale Ernährung mit einer aminosäurehaltigen Fettemulsion im Tierversuch. In: Berg, G. (ed.), Advances in Parenteral Nutrition. G. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, p. 117 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  107. Witzel, L., Berg, G., Grabner, W. und Bergner, D., Parenterale Ernährung mit eine kombinierten Fett-Kohlenhydrat-Aminosäurelösung. Med. Ernähr. 11: 177 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  108. Rudolph, P., Brackwede, M., Bartoscheck, H. D. und Weis, K.-H., Die kombinierte Anwendung verschieden zusammengesetzter Nährlösungen in der Intensivmedizin. Infusionstherapie 4: 287 (1973/74).

    Google Scholar 

  109. Cailar, J., Crastes de Paulet, A., Bornier, B. M., Crastes de Paulet, Mme, Kieulen, J. et Becker, H., L’EB 51 (Trivemil) nutriment complet pour l’alimentation parentérale. Ann. Anésth. Franç. Spécial II: 103 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  110. Weiss, Y. and Nissan, S., A method for reducing the incidence of infusion phlebitis. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 141: 73 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Horisberger, B., Severe pulmonary and cerebral circulation disturbances after high doses of parenterally supplied fat emulsions. A case of extraordinary therapeutic complication. Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 96: 1065 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Depisch, D., Bedrohliche Hyperlipämie im Rahmen eines allergischen Schocks bei parenteraler Ernährung einer Tetanuspatientin. Anaesthesist 20: 437 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Chaptal, J., Jean, R., Crastes de Paulet, A., Guillaumont, R., Morel, G. et Maurin, A., Apports énergétiques et azotés au cours du traitement des états de déshydration aiguë du nourrisson. Rev. Pract. 14: 199 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Chaptal, J., Jean, R., Crastes de Paulet, A., Guillaumont, R., Crastes de Paulet, P., Maurin-Belay, B. et Morel, G., Etude sur l’alimentation parentérale lipiqidue et azotée chez l’enfant et chez le nourrisson déshydraté. Ann. Péd. 11: 441 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Hanc, L., Klezkowska, H. and Rodkiewicz, B., On intravenous infusions of fat emulsions in pediatric surgery. Ped. Polska 43: 1355 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Krediet, R. T. en De Gens, A., Parenchymateuze icterus en thrombocytopenie na langdurige behandeling met een intraveneuze vetemulsie (Intralipid). Ned. T. Gênée skd. 119: 1766 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Michel, H., Raynaud, A., Crastes de Paulet, Mme, Nalet, B., Orsetti, A. et Bertrand, L., Tolérance du cirrhotique aux lipides intra-veineux. Congrès International de Nutrition Parentérale. Montpellier, Sept. 12–14 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  118. Freund, U., Krausz, Y., Levy, I. S. and Eliakim, M., Iatrogenic lipidosis following prolonged intravenous hyperalimentation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 28: 1156 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stockholm, Sweden

    Arvid Wretlind

Authors
  1. Arvid Wretlind
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    J. M. Greep (Professor of Surgery, Medical Faculty) (Professor of Surgery, Medical Faculty)

  2. Ziekenhuis St. Annadal, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Peter B. Soeters (Chief Resident) (Chief Resident)

  3. Department of Surgery, Ziekenhuis St. Annadal, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    R. I. C. Wesdorp

  4. Chief Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Anna dal Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    C. W. R. Phaf (Hospital pharmacist) (Hospital pharmacist)

  5. Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA

    Josef E. Fischer M.D. (Associate Professor of Surgery, Chief of Hyperalimentation Unit) (Associate Professor of Surgery, Chief of Hyperalimentation Unit)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1977 Martinus Nijhoff Medical Division The Hague

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wretlind, A. (1977). Lipid emulsions and technique of peripheral administration in parenteral nutrition. In: Greep, J.M., Soeters, P.B., Wesdorp, R.I.C., Phaf, C.W.R., Fischer, J.E. (eds) Current Concepts in Parenteral Nutrition. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1070-2_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1070-2_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-1072-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-1070-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation