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Process Technology and Process Integration in the Preparation of Penicillins

  • Chapter
Synthesis of β-Lactam Antibiotics

Abstract

The antibiotic penicillin G (Pen G) is the most common raw material for semisynthetic β-lactam antibiotics. Key-intermediate for β-lactam antibiotics is 6-6-aminopenicillanic acid (APA), the β-lactam nucleus, which has a worldwide annual production volume of approximately 10,000 tons. Pen G is produced fermentatively by adding phenylacetic acid (PAA) to a crude fermentation broth. Pen G is converted, either chemically or enzymatically, to APA and PAA. Coupling chemically or enzymatically different side chains to APA can yield a wide range of semisynthetic penicillins with different specificities and stabilities. Examples of bulk semisynthetic antibiotics are Amoxicillin (Amox) and Ampicillin (Ampi) (Van de Sandt and De Vroom, 2000; Bruggink et al., 1998). These antibiotics have market sales worth of ca. $ 3 billion per year as bulk-formulated drug; further market information is given in chapter 1. Figure IV.1 shows a general overview of the route for synthesis of Amox.

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  1. Kluyver Laboratory for Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands

    L. A. M. van der Wielen, M. Ottens & A. J. J. Straathof

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  1. Life Sciences R&D, DSM Research, Geleen, The Netherlands

    Alle Bruggink

  2. Department of Organic Chemistry, Nijmegen University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Alle Bruggink

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van der Wielen, L.A.M., Ottens, M., Straathof, A.J.J. (2001). Process Technology and Process Integration in the Preparation of Penicillins. In: Bruggink, A. (eds) Synthesis of β-Lactam Antibiotics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0850-1_4

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