Abstract
Observation and analysis of both micro- and macroearthquakes is vital to understanding and preparation of multi-facetted and in-depth earthquake defences. Therefore the paper revisits simple, yet fundamentally important maps of macroearthquake felt effects in Turkey which modern techniques extend to statistically interprétable hazard and zoning maps. Such mapping should ultimately be extended well beyond peak ground acceleration to a larger, more representative suite of earthquake hazard parameters for advisory urposes. Both vigilance and rapid reaction dominate exploitation of microearthquakes. Rapid reaction resulted in a seismic network around the Athens 1999 September 15 earthquake, and 450 locally recorded aftershocks identify the fault plane (strike 117°, dip 52°) consistently with teleseismic observations. Longer term monitoring in central Greece associated with swarms at Pavliani and with Egion 1995 June 15 aftershocks provides physical properties during rupture: stress drop, coseismic slip length etc. and scaling relations between seismic moment and slip. In the case of Pavliani coseismic slip is mapped in 2D throughout a pseudo fault-zone that lacks a history of any major earthquake. The ultimate vigilance and rapid reaction in defence are embodied by earthquake early warning. An embryonic early warning demonstration system associated with liquid natural gas storage near Athens is introduced.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ambraseys, N.N. (1970) Some characteristic features of the Anatolian fault zone, Tectonophysics, 9, 143–165.
Ambraseys, N.N. and Jackson, J.A. (2000) Seismicity of the Sea of Marmara (Turkey) since 1500, Geophys. J.Int, 141, F1–F6.
Barka, A. (1999) The 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake, Science, 285,1858–1859.
Burton, P.W., McGonigle, R.W., Makropoulos, K.C. and Ucer, S.B. (1984) Seismic risk in Turkey, the Aegean, and the eastern Mediterranean: the occurrence of large magnitude earthquakes, Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc, 78, 475–506.
Burton, P.W., Melis, N.S. and Brooks, M. (1995) Coseismic crustal deformation on a fault zone defined by microseismicity in the Pavliani area, central Greece, Geophys. J. Int, 123, 16–40.
Burton, P. W. and Xu, Y. (1999) The Egion earthquake of 1995 June 15: Results for rupture properties of the aftershocks, Inco-Copernicus Project Reference Number IC15-CT96-0204, also see http://karel.troja.mff.cuni.ca/Greece/
Douglas, A., Young, J.B. and Hudson, J.A. (1974) Complex P-wave seismograms from simple earthquake sources, Geophys. J.R. Astr. Soc, 37, 141–150.
Ergünay, O. (1974) Earthquake zoning map of Turkey, UNDP-UNESCO survey of seismicity of Balkan region, Symp. Seismic Zoning Map, May, Bucharest.
Goltz, J.D. and Flores, P.J. (1997) Real-time earthquake early warning and public policy: a report on MexicoCity’s Sistema de Alerta Sismica, Seism. Res. Lett, 68, 727–733.
Gumbel, E.J. (1958) Statistics of Extremes, Columbia University Press, New York.
Irikura, K. and Kamae, K. (1994) Estimation of strong motion in broad-frequency band based on a seismic source scaling model and an empirical Green’s function technique, Ann. di Geoflsica, 37, 1721–1743.
Kanamori, H., Hauksson, E. and Heaton, T. (1997) Real-time seismology and earthquake hazard mitigation, Nature 390, 461–464
Makropoulos, K.C. and Burton, P.W. (1983) Seismic risk of circum-Pacific earthquakes. I: Strain energy release, Pure Appl. Geophys., 121, 247–267.
Makropoulos, K.C. and Burton, P.W. (1985) Seismic hazard in Greece. II: Ground acceleration, Tectonophysics, 117, 259–294.
Melis, N.S., Burton, P.W. and Brooks, M. (1995) Coseismic crustal deformation from microscismicity in the Patras area, western Greece, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 815–836.
Oncel, A.O. and Alptekin, O. (1999) Effect of aftershocks on earthquake hazard estimation: an example from the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Natural Hazards, 19, 1–11.
Papadopoulos, G.A., Baskoutas, I., Chouliaras, G., Drakotos, G., Kalogeras, I., Karastathis, M., Latoussakis, I., Makaris, D., Melis, N., Panapoulou, G., Papanastassiou, D., Pappis, I., Tassos, S., Plessa, A. and Stavrakakis, G. (1999) Seismological aspects of the Athens earthquake of 7 September 1999, Preliminary Results, Advances on Natural Hazards Mitigation: Experiences from Europe and Japan, 73–79.
Papadopoulos, G.A., Drakatos, G., Papanastassiou, D., Kalogeras, I. and Stavrakakis, G. (2000) Preliminary results about the catastrophic earthquake of 7 September 1999 in Athens, Greece, Seism. Res. Lett, 71, 318–329.
Papaioannou, Ch. A. and Papazachos, B.C. (2000) Time-independent and time-dependent seismic hazard in Greece based on seismogenic sources, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 90, 22–33.
Papazachos, B.C. and Papazachou, C.B. (1997) The Earthquakes of Greece, P. Ziti and Co., Thessaloniki.
Pavlides, S.B., Papadopoulos, G.A. and Ganas, A. (1999) The 7 September 1999 unexpected earthquake of Athens: Preliminary results on the seismotectonic environment, Advances on Natural Hazards Mitigation: Experiences from Europe and Japan, p. 80–85.
Pearce, R.G. (1977) Fault plane solutions using relative amplitudes of P and pP, Geophys. J.R. Astr. Soc, 50, 381–394.
Pearce, R. G. and Rogers, R.M. ( 1989) Determination of earthquake moment tensors from teleseismic relative amplitude observations, J. Geophys. Res., B1, 775–786.
Sargeant, S.L., Burton, P.W., Douglas, A. and Evans, J.R. (2000 Telseismic waveform modelling of the Athens earthquake, September 7,1999, Natural Hazards (submitted).
Savage, J.C. (1966) Radiation from a realistic model faulting, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 56, 577–592.
Stein, S.R., Barka, A. and Dietrich, H.J. (1997) Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering, Geophys. J. Int., 128, 594–604.
Tselentis, G-.A., Melis, N., Sokos, E. and Papatsimpa, K. (1996) The Egion June 15, 1995 (6.2 ML) earthquake, Western Greece, Pure Appl. Geophys., 147, 83–98.
Tselentis, G.-A. and Zahradnik, J. (2000) Aftershock monitoring of the Athens earthquake of 7 September 1999, Seism. Res. Lett., 71, 330–337.
Tselentis, G-.A. and Zahradnik, J. (2000) The Athens earthquake of September 7, 1999, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. [submitted].
Yilmaztiirk, A. and Burton, P.W. (1999) An evaluation of seismic hazard parameters in southern Turkey, J. Seismology, 3, 61–81.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Burton, P.W., Tselentis, GA. (2002). Trans-Aegean Seismicity, Seismic Hazard and Defences. In: Görür, N., Papadopoulos, G.A., Okay, N. (eds) Integration of Earth Science Research on the Turkish and Greek 1999 Earthquakes. NATO Science Series: IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0383-4_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0383-4_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-0653-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0383-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive