Abstract
Daily meteorological observations have been made at the old astronomical observatory in Stockholm since 1754. Complete daily mean series of air temperature and sea level pressure are reconstructed from the observational data for 1756–1998. The temperature and pressure series are reconstructed and homogenized with the aid of metadata, statistical tests and comparisons with data from other stations. Comparisons with independently reconstructed daily series for nearby Uppsala (1722–1998) show that the quality of the daily Stockholm data is good, although the reliability is lower before the mid-19th century. The daily temperature data show that the colder winter mean temperatures of the late 18th to early 19th centuries were connected with a particularly high frequency of very cold winter days. The warmer summers of the same period are more connected with a general shift of the temperature distribution towards higher temperatures than in the late 20th century.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Literature (after 1900)
Alexandersson, H.: 1986, ‘A Homogeneity Test Applied to Precipitation Data’, Int. J. Clim. 6, 661–675.
Alexandersson, H. and Moberg, A.: 1997, ‘Homogenization of Swedish Temperature Data. Part I: Homogeneity Test for Linear Trends’, Int. J. Clim. 17, 25–34.
Alm, H.: 1982, Stockholms Observatorium. Geografisk institution vid Stockholms universitet sedan 1934, Informationsenheten, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm, p. 173. (Reprinted from: Sam-fundet S:t Eriks årsbok, 1930).
Bärring, L., Jönsson, P., Achberger, C, Ekström, M., and Alexandersson, H.: 1999, ‘The Lund Instrumental Record of Meteorological Observations: Reconstruction of Monthly Sea-Level Pressure 1780–1997’, Int. J. Clim.. 19, 1427–1443.
Bergström, H. and Moberg, A.: 2002, ‘Daily Air Temperature and Pressure Series for Uppsala ( 1722–1998)’, Clim. Change, this volume.
Boutelje, J. B. and Rydell, R.: 1995, Träfakta-44 träslag i ord och bild, Trätek, Institutet för träteknisk forskning, 3rd edn., Stockholm, p. 80.
Camuffo, D.: 1998, Microclimate for Cultural Heritage, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 415.
Cocheo, C. and Camuffo, D.: 2002, ‘Corrections of Systematic Errors and Data Homogenisation in the Daily Temperature Padova Series (1725–1998)’, Clim. Change, this volume.
Ekholm, N.: 1916, Beräkning av luftens månadsmedeltemperatur vid de svenska meteorologiska stationerna, Bihang till Meteorologiska iakttagelser i Sverige, Band 56, 1914, Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, p. 110.
Ekström, M.: 1995, En jämförelse av mätplatser för temperaturobservationer vid Stockholms gamla Observatorium, Fil. Mag. examensarbete i geovetenskap, Naturgeografiska institutionen, Stockholms universitet, p. 45. (Unpublished undergraduate thesis).
Eriksson, B.: 1980a, Statistisk analys av nederbördsdata. Del III. 200-ariga nederbördsserier, SMHI Reports Meteorology and Climatology 27, p. 54. (English summary).
Eriksson, B.: 1980b, Noggrannheten vid beräkning av dygnsmedelvärden, Meddelande nr. 4, 1980, Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, Klimatbyrån, p. 13.
Frich, P., Alexandersson, H., Ashcroft, J., Dahlström, B., Demarée, G., Drebs, A., van Engelen, A. F. V., Forland, E. J., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Heino, R., Jónsson, T., Jonasson, K., Keegan, L., Nordli, P.Ø., Schmith, T., Steffensen, P., Tuomenvirta, H., and Tveito, O. E.: 1996, North Atlantic Climatological Dataset (NACD Version 1) — Final Report, Danish Meteorological Institute, Scientific Report 96-1, DMI, Copenhagen, p. 47 + appendices.
Hamberg, H. E.: 1906, ‘Moyennes mensuelles et annuelles de la température et extrêmes de température mensuels pendant les 150 années 1756–1905 à l’observatoire de Stockholm’, Kungl. Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 40(1), 1–60.
Jones, P. D., Davies, T. D., Lister, D. H., Slonosky, V., Jónsson, T., Bärring, L., Jönsson, P., Maheras, P., Kolyva-Machera, F., Barriendos, M., Martín-Vide, J., Rodríguez, R., Alcoforado, M. J., Wanner, H., Pfister, C., Luterbacher, J., Rickli, R., Schuepbach, E., Kaas, E., Schmith, T., Jacobeit, J., and Beck, C: 1999, ‘Monthly Mean Pressure Reconstructions for Europe for the 1780–1995 Period’, Int. J. Clim. 19, 347–364.
Jones, P. D. Briffa, K. R. Osborn, T. J. Moberg, A., and Bergström, H.: 2001, ‘Relationships between Circulation Strength and the Variability of Growing Season and Cold Season Climate in Northern and Central Europe’, The Holocene, in print.
Keys, R. G.: 1981, ‘Cubic Convolution Interpolation for Digital Image Processing’, IEEE Trans. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 29(6), 1153–1160.
Kington, J. A.: 1974, The Societas Meteorologica Palatina: An Eighteenth-Century Meteorological Society’, Weather, November 1974, 416–426.
Linde, F.: 1998, En jämförande analys av instrumentuppställningar vid Stockholms gamla Observatorium, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, meteorologi, Uppsala universitet, p. 51 (Unpublished undergraduate thesis).
Lodén, L. O.: 1968: Tid: en bok om tideräkning och kalenderväsen, Bonnier, Stockholm, p. 210.
Moberg, A.: 1998, ‘Meteorological Observations in Sweden Made before A. D. 1860’, Paläokli-maforschung/Palaeoclimate Research 23, 99–119.
Moberg, A. and Bergström, H.: 1997, ‘Homogenization of Swedish Temperature Data. Part III: The Long Temperature Records from Stockholm and Uppsala’, Int. J. Clim. 17, 667–699.
Moberg, A., Jones, P. D., Barriendos, M., Bergström, H., Camuffo, D., Cocheo, C., Davies, T. D., Demarée, G., Martín-Vide, J., Maugeri, M., Rodriguez, R., and Verhoeve, T.: 2000, ‘Day-to-Day Temperature Variability Trends in 160-to 275-Year-Long Long European Instrumental Records’, J. Geophys. Res. 105,D18, 22849–22868.
Modén, H.: 1939, Beräkning av medeltemperaturen vid svenska stationer, Statens Meteorologisk-Hydrografiska Anstalt, Meddelanden, Serien Uppsatser 29, Kungl. Boktryckeriet, P. A. Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm, p. 13.
Modén, H.: 1963, Jämförelse mellan olika instrumentuppställningar vid gamla observatoriet i Stockholm, SMHI, Notiser och preliminära rapporter, Meteorologi, 3, Stockholm, p. 8.
Sveriges Meteorologi ska och Hydrologiska Institut: 1966, Meteorologiska iakttagelser i Sverige, Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, Årsbok 47 (1965), del 2:2, Stockholm, pp. VI–VII.
Yan, Z., Jones, P. D., Moberg, A., Bergström, H., Davies, T. D., and Yang, C: 2001, ‘Recent Trends in Weather and Seasonal Cycles: An Analysis of Daily Data from Europe and China’, J. Geophys. Res. 106,D6, 5123–5138.
Yan, Z., Jones, P. D., Davies, T. D., Moberg, A., Bergström, H., Camuffo, D., Cocheo, C., Maugeri, M., Demaree, G., Verhoeve, T., Thoen, E., Barriendos, M., Rodriguez, R., Martin-Vide J., and Yang, C.: 2002, ‘Trends of Extreme Temperatures in Europe and China Based on Daily Observations’, Clim. Change, this volume.
Sources (before 1900)
Celsius, A.: 1742, ‘Observationer om twänne beständiga grader på en thermometer’, Kungl. Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 1742, 171–180.
Wargentin, P.: 1749, ‘Vetenskapernas historia. Om Thermometrar’, Kungl. Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 1749, 161–175.
Wargentin, P.: 1778, ‘Ytterligare anmärkningar om svenska climatet, hvad varme och köld angår’, Kungl. Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 1778, 3–19.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Moberg, A., Bergström, H., Krigsman, J.R., Svanered, O. (2002). Daily Air Temperature and Pressure Series for Stockholm (1756–1998). In: Camuffo, D., Jones, P. (eds) Improved Understanding of Past Climatic Variability from Early Daily European Instrumental Sources. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0371-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0371-1_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-3908-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0371-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive