Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Extreme Miniaturization: Molecular-Level Devices and Machines

  • Chapter
Book cover Molecular Electronics: Bio-sensors and Bio-computers

Part of the book series: NATO Science Series ((NAII,volume 96))

Abstract

A device is something invented and constructed for a special purpose, and a machine is a particular type of device in which the component parts can display changes in their relative positions as a result of some external stimulus. Progress of mankind has always been related to the construction of novel devices. Depending on the purpose of its use, a device can be very big or very small. In the last fifty years, progressive miniaturization of the components employed for the construction of devices and machines has resulted in outstanding technological achievements, particularly in the field of information processing. A common prediction is that further progress in miniaturization will not only decrease the size and increase the power of computers, but could also open the way to new technologies in the fields of medicine, environment, energy, and materials.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. (a)_Feynman, R.P. (1960) Eng. Sci. 23, 22. (b) Feynman, R.P. (1960) Saturday Rev. 43, 45. See also: http://www.its.caltech.edu/~fevnman.

    Google Scholar 

  2. (a)_Drexler, K.E. (1986) Engines of Creation, The Coming Era of Nanotechnology, Anchor Press, New York, (b) Drexler, ICE. (1992) Nanosystems. Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Pedersen, C.J. (1988) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 27, 1021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Cram, D.J. (1988) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 27, 1009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Lehn, J.-M. (1988) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 27, 89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Joachim, C. and Launay, J.P. (1984) Nouv. J. Chem. 8, 723.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Balzani, V., Moggi, L., and Scandola F. (1987) in V. Balzani (ed.), Supramolecular Photochemistry, Reidel, Dordrecth, p. 1.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Lehn, J.-M. (1990) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 29, 1304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. (a)_Aviram, A. and Ratner, M.A. (1974) Chem. Phys. Lett. 29, 277. (b) Carter, F.L. (ed.) (1982) Molecular Electronic Devices, Dekker, New York, (c) Carter, F.L. (ed.) (1987) Molecular Electronic Devices II, Dekker, New York, (d) Carter, F.L., Siatkowski, R.E., and Wohltjen, H. (eds.) (1988) Molecular Electronic Devices, Elsevier, Amsterdam, (e) Aviram, A. (ed.) (1989) Molecular Electronics-Science and Technology, Engeneering Foundation, New York, (f) Miller, J.S. (1990) Adv. Mater. 2, 378. (g) Miller, J.S. (1990) Adv. Mater. 2, 495. (h) Miller, J.S. (1990) Adv. Mater. 2, 603. (i) Metzger, R.M. and Panetta, C.A. (1991) New J. Chem. 15, 209. (j) Mirkin, C.A. and Ratner, M.A. (1992) Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 43, 719.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. (a)_Vögtle, F. (1991) Supramolecular Chemistry. An Introduction, Wiley, Chichester. (b) Balzani, V. and Scandola, F. (1991) Supramolecular Photochemistry, Horwood, Chichester. (c) Lehn, J.-M. (1995) Supramolecular Chemistry: Concepts and Perspectives, VCH, Weinheim.

    Google Scholar 

  11. (a)_Rigler, R., Orrit, M., Talence, I., and Basché, T. (eds.) (2001) Single Molecule Spectroscopy, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, (b) Moemer, W.E. (2002) J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 910. (c) Zander, Ch., Enderlein, J., and Keller, R.A. (eds.) (2002) Single Molecule Detection in Solution Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hla, S.-W., Meyer, G., and Rieder, K..-H. (2001) ChemPhysChem 2, 361.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. See, e.g.: Christ, T., Kulzer, F., Bordat, P., and Basché, T. (2001) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 40, 4192.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Balzani, V., Credi, A., Raymo, F.M., and Stoddart, J.F. (2000) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 39, 3348.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Balzani, V., Credi, A., and Venturi, M. (in press) Molecular Devices and Machines-Journey in the Nano World, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.

    Google Scholar 

  16. (a) Ballardini, R., Balzani, V., Credi, A., Gandolfi, M.T., and Venturi, M. (2001) Ace. Chem. Res. 34, 445. (b) Ballardini, R., Balzani, V., Credi, A., Gandolfi, M.T., and Venturi, M. (2001) Int. J. Photoenergy 3, 63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kaifer, A.E. and Gómez-Kaifer, M. (1999) Supramolecular Electrochemistry, Wiley-VCH Weinheim.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Balzani, V., Credi, A., and Venturi, M. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 4814.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Balzani, V., Credi, A., Ishow, E., Mandolini, L., and Stoddart, J.F. unpublished results.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ishow, E., Credi, A., Balzani, V., Mandolini, L., and Spadola, F. (1999) Chem. Eur. J. 5, 984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ballardini, R., Balzani, V., Clemente-León, M., Credi, A., Gandolfi, M.T., Ishow, E., Perkins, J., Stoddart, J.F., Tseng, H.-R., and Wenger, S. (2002) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 12786.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Mitchell, R.J. (1995) Microprocessor Systems: An Introduction, Macmillan, London.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Sci. Am. (2001) 285(3), Special issue on Nanotechnology.

    Google Scholar 

    Google Scholar 

  24. (a)_Rouvray, D. (2000) Chem. Brit. 36(12), 46. (b) Ball, P. (2000) Nature 406, 118.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Stojanovic, M.N., Mitchell, T.E., and Stefanovic, D. (2002) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 3555, and references therein.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. de Silva, A.P., McClenaghan, N.D., and McCoy, C.P. (2001) in Balzani V. (ed.), Electron Transfer in Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Vol. 5, p. 156.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Pease, A.R. and Stoddart, J.F. (2001) Struct. Bond 99, 189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Raymo, F.M. (2002) Adv. Mater. 14, 401.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Credi, A., Balzani, V., Langford, S.J., and Stoddart, J.F. (1997) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 2679.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Pina, F., Melo, M.J., Maestri, M., Passaniti, P., and Balzani, V. (2000) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 4496.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. de Silva, A.P., and McClenaghan, N.D. (2000) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 3965.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. For an example of XOR logic based on oligonucleotides, see ref. [25].

    Google Scholar 

  33. Ballardini, R., Balzani, V., Credi, A., Gandolfi, M.T., Langford, S.J., Menzer, S., Prodi, L., Stoddart, J.F., Venturi, M., and Williams, D.J. (1996) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl 35, 978.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. For recent examples of photochemically driven molecular shuttles see: (a) Murakami, H., Kawabuchi, A., Kotoo, K., Kunitake, M., and Nakashima, N. (1997) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 7605. (b) Brouwer, A.M., Frochot, C, Gatti, F.G., Leigh, D.A., Mottier, L., Paolucci, F., Roffia, S., and Wurpel, G.W.H. (2001) Science 291, 2124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Ashton, P.R., Ballardini, R., Balzani, V., Credi, A., Dress, R., Ishow, E., Kleverlaan, C.J., Kocian, O., Preece, J.A., Spencer, N., Stoddart, J.F., Venturi, M., and Wenger, S. (2000) Chem. Eur. J. 6, 3558.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    V. Balzani, A. Credi, M. Venturi & A. Di Fabio

Authors
  1. V. Balzani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Credi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Venturi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Di Fabio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. CNR Institute of Biophysics, Pisa, Italy

    L. Barsanti , V. Evangelista , P. Gualtieri , V. Passarelli  & S. Vestri , , ,  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Balzani, V., Credi, A., Venturi, M., Di Fabio, A. (2003). Extreme Miniaturization: Molecular-Level Devices and Machines. In: Barsanti, L., Evangelista, V., Gualtieri, P., Passarelli, V., Vestri, S. (eds) Molecular Electronics: Bio-sensors and Bio-computers. NATO Science Series, vol 96. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0141-0_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0141-0_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-1212-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0141-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation