Abstract
I shall start this review of the high-energy phenomena on the solar surface by briefly discussing the meaning of the title. By solar surface it is meant the whole of the solar atmosphere, from, say, T5000 = 1 up. By high-energy phenomena I mean the complex of the observed events that involve the presence of suprathermal particles and the emission of radiation whose brightness temperature exceeds the kinetic temperature. High-energy phenomena take place in a sporadic way and generally follow the cycle of solar activity. The most outstanding manifestations are called the solar flares. I emphasize again that with this word I intend to encompass all the consequences of a sudden release of energy in a well defined portion of the solar plasma, such as the enhanced emission of radiation over the whole electromagnetic spectrum and the acceleration of particles up to the GeV range. Since, generally speaking, radiation of different wavelengths originate from different levels of the solar atmosphere, the conspicuousness of the flare phenomenon over the entire electromagnetic spectrum implies that a large vertical portion of the atmosphere itself is involved.
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Chiuderi, C. (1979). High-Energy Phenomena on the Solar Surface. In: Westerlund, B.E. (eds) Stars and Star Systems. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 75. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9440-9_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9440-9_4
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