Abstract
Living nature is essentially dynamic. All biological systems operate on a flow basis, a flow of both matter and energy, a flow from source to sink. All biological systems are open and unstable, since life is a process and nothing would happen in life if living systems were completely closed and stable. This is true of all bio-dimensions, from the molecular to the global level.
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References
Clymo, R.S. Preliminary survey of the peat-bog Hummell Knowe Moss using various numerical methods. In: E. van der Maarel (ed) Advances in vegetation science: Classification and ordination. Vegetatio 42:
Waldemarson Jensén, E. 1979. Successions in relationship to lagoon development in the Laitaure Delta, N Sweden.
Acta Phytogeogr. Suec. 66 Uppsala
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© 1980 Dr. W. Junk bv Publishers, The Hague
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Sjörs, H. (1980). An Arrangement of Changes Along Gradients, with Examples from Successions in Boreal Peatland. In: van der Maarel, E. (eds) Succession. Advances in vegetation science, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9200-9_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9200-9_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-9202-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-9200-9
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