Skip to main content

Detrended Correspondence Analysis: An Improved Ordination Technique

  • Chapter
Classification and Ordination

Part of the book series: Advances in vegetation science ((AIVS,volume 2))

Abstract

Studies by ourselves and others (Swan 1970, Austin & Noy-Meir 1972, Beals 1973, Hill 1973, 1974, Austin 1976a, b, Fasham 1977, Gauch Whittaker & Wentwarth 1977, Noy-Meir & Whittaker 1977, Orlóci 1978, Gauch, Whittaker & Singer 1979) have found faults with all ordination techniques currently in use, at least when applied to ecological data specifying the occurrences of species in community samples. These faults certainly do not make existing techniques useless; but they mean that results must be interpreted with caution. Even with the best techniques, the underlying structure of the data is often poorly expressed.

This research was supported by the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bangor, Wales, and by a grant from the National Science Foundation to R.H. Whittaker. We thank R.H. Whittaker for encouragement and comments, S.B. Singer for assistance with the Cornell computer, and H.J.B. Birks, S.R. Sabo, T.C.E. Wells, and R.H. Whittaker for data sets used for ordination tests.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Austin, M.P. 1976a. On non-linear species response models in ordination. Vegetatio 33: 33–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Austin, M.P. 1976b. Performance of four ordination techniques assuming three different non-linear species response models. Vegetatio 33: 43–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Austin, M.P. & I. Noy-Meir. 1972. The problem of non-linearity in ordination: experiments with two-gradient models. J. Ecol. 59: 763–773.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beals, E.W. 1973. Ordination: mathematical elegance and ecological naivete. J. Ecol. 61: 23–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benzecri, J.P. 1973. L’Analyse des donnees (vol. 2: L’analyse des Correspondances). Dunod, Paris, 619 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, J.T. 1959. The Vegetation of Wisconsin: An Ordination of Plant Communities. University of Wisconsin, Madison, 657 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, M.B. 1975. On objectives of ordination. Vegetatio 30: 15–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellenberg, H. 1956. Aufgaben und Methoden der Vegetations- kunde. Ulmer, Stuttgart, 136 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fasham, M.J.R. 1977. A comparison of nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling, principal components and reciprocal averaging for the ordination of simulated coenoclines, and coenoplanes. Ecology 58: 551–561.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gauch, H.G. 1973. The relationship between sample similarity and ecological distance. Ecology 54: 618–622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gauch, H.G. 1977. ORDIFLEX — A flexible computer program for four ordination techniques: weighted averages, polar ordination, principal components analysis, and reciprocal averaging, Release B. Ecology and Systematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, 185 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gauch, H.G. 1980. Rapid initial clustering of large data sets. In: E. van der Maarel (ed.) Advances in vegetation science: Classification and ordination. Vegetatio 42: 103–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gauch, H.G. & W.M. Scruggs. 1980. Variants of Bray-Curtis polar ordination. Vegetatio 40: 147–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gauch, H.G. & R.H. Whittaker. 1972. Comparison of ordination techniques. Ecology 53: 868–875.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gauch, H.G., G.B. Chase & R.H. Whittaker. 1974. Ordination of vegetation samples by Gaussian species distributions. Ecology 55: 1382–1390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gauch, H.G., R.H. Whittaker & S.B. Singer. 1979. A comparative study of nonmetric ordinations. J. Ecol. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gauch, H.G., R.H. Whittaker & T.R. Wentworth. 1977. A comparative study of reciprocal averaging and other ordination techniques. J. Ecol. 65: 157–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, M.O. 1973. Reciprocal averaging: an eigenvector method of ordination. J. Ecol. 61: 237–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, M.O. 1974. Correspondence analysis: a neglected multivariate method. J. Roy. Stat. Soc., Ser. C 23: 340–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, M.O. 1979. DECORANA — A FORTRAN program for detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging. Ecology and Systematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, 52 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ihm, P. & H. van Groenewoud. 1975. A multivariate ordering of vegetation data based on Gaussian type gradient response curves. J. Ecol. 63: 767–777.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall, D.G. 1971. Seriation from abundance matrices. In: F.R. Hodson, D.G. Kendall & P. Tautu (eds.). Kendall, D.G, p. 215–252. Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessell, S.R. & R.H. Whittaker. 1976. Comparisons of three ordination techniques. Vegetatio 32: 21–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maarel, E. van der. 1979. Transformation of cover-abundance values in phytosociology and its effects on community similarity. Vegetatio 39: 97–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maarel, E. van der, J.G.M. Janssen & J.M.W. Louppen. 1978. TABORD, A program for structuring phytosociological tables. Vegetatio 38: 143–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller-Dombois, D. & H. Ellenberg. 1974. Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 547 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noy-Meir, I. 1974. Catenation: quantitative methods for the definition of coenoclines. Vegetatio 29: 89–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noy-Meir, I. & R.H. Whittaker. 1977. Continuous multivariate methods in community analysis: some problems and developments. Vegetatio 33: 79–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noy-Meir, I. & R.H. Whittaker. 1978. Recent developments in continuous multivariate techniques. In: R.H. Whittaker (ed.). Ordination of plant communities, p. 337–378. Junk, The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orloci, L. 1978. Multivariate analysis in vegetation research. Junk, The Hague, 451 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prentice, I.C. 1977. Non-metric ordination methods in ecology. J. Ecol. 65: 85–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabo, S.R. 1979. Niche and habitat relations of birds in subal-pine forests, New Hampshire. Ecology (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Swan, J.M.A. 1970. An examination of some ordination problems by use of simulated vegetational data. Ecology 51: 89–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker, R.H. 1954. The ecology of serpentine soils. IV. The vegetational response to serpentine soils. Ecology 35: 275–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker, R.H. 1956. Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains. Ecol. Monogr. 26: 1–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker, R.H. 1960. Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California. Ecol. Monogr. 30: 279–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker, R.H. & H.G. Gauch. 1978. Evaluation of ordination techniques. In: R.H. Whittaker (ed.). Ordination of plant communities, p. 277–336. Junk, The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Eddy van der Maarel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1980 Dr. W. Junk bv Publishers, The Hague

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hill, M.O., Gauch, H.G. (1980). Detrended Correspondence Analysis: An Improved Ordination Technique. In: van der Maarel, E. (eds) Classification and Ordination. Advances in vegetation science, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9197-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9197-2_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-9199-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-9197-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics