Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Spoken Language Generation and Understanding pp 263–278Cite as

Pitch Determination of Speech Signals — A Survey

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series ((ASIC,volume 59))

Abstract

In this paper, the various pitch determination methods and algorithms (PDAs) are grouped into two major classes: time-domain PDAs and short-term analysis PDAs. The short-term analysis PDAs leave the signal domain by a short-term transformation. They supply a sequence of average pitch estimates from consecutive frames. The individual algorithm is characterized by the short-term transform it applies. The time-domain methods, on the other hand, track the signal period by period. Extraction and isolation of the fundamental harmonic, and investigation of the temporal signal structure are the two extremes between which most of these PDAs are found. After a short review of these principles, the paper finally discusses different application-oriented aspects, i.e. the role of the PDA in phonetics, education, phoniatrics, and speech communication systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • BAUDRY M., DUPEYRAT P. (1976): Analyse du signal vocal — Utilisation des extrema du signal et de leurs amplitudes — detection du fondamental et recherche des formants. Proc.Journ. Etud.Parole (Nancy), vol. 7, pp. 247...257.

    Google Scholar 

  • DE MORI R., LAFACE P., MAKHONINE V.A., MEZZALAMA M. (1977): A syntactic procedure for the recognition of glottal pulses in continuous speech. Pattern Recognition, vol. 9, pp. 181...189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DIBBERN U. (1972): Grundfrequenzmessung bei der menschlichen Sprache. Fortschritte der Akustik. Bericht von der Gemeinschaftstagung Stuttgart, pp. 345...348

    Google Scholar 

  • DOLANSKY L.O. (1955): An instantaneous pitch-period indicator. J.Acoust.Soc.Am., vol. 27, pp. 67...72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DUBNOWSKI J.J., SCHAFER R.W., RABINER L.R. (1976): Real-time digital hardware pitch detector. IEEE-T-ASSP, vol. 24, pp. 2... 8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ERB H.J. (1972.2): Untersuchung und Vergleich von Verfahren zur Erkennung der Sprachgrundfrequenz. Darmstadt: TH Darmstadt; Res.Rept. 41, Inst. f. Übertragungstechnik, 41 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • FANT C.G.M. (1958): Modern Instruments and Methods for Acoustic Studies of Speech. Proc. 8th Congress of Linguistics, Oslo, pp. 282...358

    Google Scholar 

  • FILIP M. (1969): Envelope periodicity detection. J.Acoust.Soc. Am., vol. 45, pp. 719...732

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FLANAGAN J.L. (1972.1): Speech analysis, synthesis, and perception. Berlin/New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • FLANAGAN J.L., SASLOW M.G. (1958): Pitch discrimination for synthetic vowels. J.Acoust.Soc.Am., vol. 30, pp. 435...442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FRIEDMAN D.H. (1977): Pseudo-maximum-likelihood pitch extraction. IEEE-T-ASSP, vol. 25, pp. 213...221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FRIEDMAN D.H. (1978): Multidimensional pseudo-maximum-likelihood pitch estimation. IEEE-T-ASSP, vol. 26, pp. 185...196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GALAND C, ESTEBAN D., DUBUS F. (1976): Détection de la mélodie par autocorrélation non linéaire. Proc.Journ.Etud.Parole (Nancy), vol. 7, pp. 333...345.

    Google Scholar 

  • GOLD B. (1977): Digital Speech Networks. Proc.IEEE, vol. 65, pp. 1636...1658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GOLD P., RABINER L.R. (1969): Parallel processing techniques for estimating pitch periods of speech in the time domain. J.Acoust.Soc.Am., vol. 46, pp. 442...448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GRÜTZMACHER M., LOTTERMOSER W. (1937): Über ein Verfahren zur trägheitsfreien Aufzeichnung von Melodiekurven. Akustische Zeitschrift, vol. 2, pp. 242...248

    Google Scholar 

  • HESS W.J. (1976): A pitch-synchronous digital feature extraction system for phonemic recognition of speech. IEEE-T-ASSP, vol. 24, pp. 14...25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HESS W.J. (1979): Time-domain pitch period extraction of speech signals using three nonlinear digital filters. Proc.IEEE ICASSP-79, Washington DC, pp. 773...776

    Google Scholar 

  • LEON P., MARTIN PH. (1969): Prolégomènes à l’étude des structures intonatives. Paris, Montréal: Didier; Studia Phonetica, No. 2, 225 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • MCGONEGAL C.A., RABINER L.R., ROSENBERG A.E. (1975): A semiautomatic pitch detector (SAPD). IEEE-T-ASSP, vol. 23, pp. 570...574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MCGONEGAL C.A., RABINER L.R., ROSENBERG A.E. (1977): A subjective evaluation of pitch detection methods using LPC synthesized speech. IEEE-T-ASSP, vol. 25, pp. 221...229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MCKINNEY N.P. (1965): Laryngeal frequency analysis for linguistic research. Ann Arbor MI: Communic. Sciences Lab., Univ. of Michigan; Res.Rept. No. 14, 340 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • MILLER N.J. (1975): Pitch detection by data reduction. IEEE-T-ASSP, vol. 23, pp. 72...79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MILLER R.L. (1970): Performance characteristics of an experimental harmonic identification pitch extraction system (HIPEX). J.Acoust.Soc.Am., vol. 47, pp. 1593...1601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MOORER J.A. (1974): The optimum comb method of pitch period analysis of continuous digitized speech. IEEE-T-ASSP, vol. 22, pp. 330...338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NOLL A.M. (1967): Cepstrum Pitch Determination. J.Acoust.Soc.Am., vol. 41, pp. 293...309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NOLL A.M. (1970): Pitch determination of human speech by the harmonic product spectrum, the harmonic sum spectrum, and a maximum likelihood estimate. Microwave Inst.Conf.Proc. — Symposium on computer processing in communications, april 1969, vol. 19, pp. 779...797

    Google Scholar 

  • RABINER L.R. (1977): On the use of autocorrelation analysis for pitch detection. IEEE-T-ASSP, vol. 25, pp. 24...33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • RABINER L.R., CHENG M.J., ROSENBERG A.E., MCGONEGAL A. (1976): A comparative study of several pitch detection algorithms. IEEE-T-ASSP, vol. 24, pp. 399...413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • REDDY D.R. (1967): Pitch period determination of speech sounds. Comm.ACM, vol. 10, pp. 343...348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • RISBERG A., MÖLLER A., FUJISAKI H. (1960): Voice Fundamental Frequency Tracking. STL-QPSR, No. 1, pp. 3...5

    Google Scholar 

  • ROSS M.J., SHAFFER H.L., COHEN A., FREUDBERG R., MANLEY H.J. (1974): Average magnitude difference function pitch extractor. IEEE-T-ASSP, vol. 22, pp. 353...361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SCHROEDER M.R. (1968): Period histogram and product spectrum: New methods for fundamental-frequency measurement. J.Acoust. Soc.Am., vol. 43, pp. 829...834.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SENEFF S. (1978): Real-time harmonic pitch detector. IEEE-T-ASSP, vol. 26, pp. 358...364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SONDHI M.M. (1968): New methods of pitch extraction. IEEE-T-AU, vol. 16, pp. 262...266

    Google Scholar 

  • TERHARDT E. (1979): Calculating virtual pitch. Hearing Research, vol. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • TILLMANN H.G. (1978): Bestimmung der Stimmperiode in der Zeitfunktion des digitalen Sprachschallsignals. Forschungsberichte des IPSK, München, vol. 9, pp. 207...213

    Google Scholar 

  • TUCKER W.H., BATES R.T.H. (1978): A pitch estimation algorithm for speech and music. IEEE-T-ASSP, vol. 26, pp. 597...604

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UN C.K., YANG S.C. (1977): A Pitch Extraction Algorithm Based on LPC Inverse Filtering and AMDF. IEEE-T-ASSP, vol. 25, pp. 565...572

    Google Scholar 

  • WINCKEL F. (1963): Tonhöhenextraktor zur Messung und Steuerung von Stimme und Sprache. Arch.Ohren-Nasen-Kehlkopfheilkunde, vol. 182, pp. 651...655.

    Google Scholar 

  • WISE J.D., CAPRIO J.R., PARKS T.W. (1976): Maximum likelihood pitch estimation. IEEE-T-ASSP, vol. 24, pp. 418...423

    Google Scholar 

  • ZURCHER J.F. (1977): La mesure du fondamental par la détection de crêtes. Techniques employés, résultats. Proc.Journ. Etud. Parole (Aix-en-P.), vol. 8, pp. 119...126.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lehrstuhl für Datenverarbeitung, Technische Universität München, Postfach 202420, 8000, München 2, W. Germany

    Wolfgang J. Hess

Authors
  1. Wolfgang J. Hess
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Programmation, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, France

    J. C. Simon

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1980 D. Reidel Publishing Company

About this paper

Cite this paper

Hess, W.J. (1980). Pitch Determination of Speech Signals — A Survey. In: Simon, J.C. (eds) Spoken Language Generation and Understanding. NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series, vol 59. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9091-3_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9091-3_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-9093-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-9091-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation