Abstract
From an ideological point of view, each African State has had to take up a position in relation to the colonial or ex-colonial power, in relation to other African States, and in relation to the rest of the world.
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Notes
Ecrits politiques, 1960, p. 107.
Charte de la Révolution Socialiste Malagasy. Imprimerie d’ouvrages éducatifs, Tananarive, 1975, pp. 13, 24, 25.
See studies published in l’Annuaire du Tiers Monde, 1975–1976, Berger-Levrault, 1977.
On the subject of négritude, see the thesis by B. Sine, Université de Paris V, 1974; also S. Adotevi, Négritude et négrologues, U.G.E., Paris, 1972
C. Wauthier, Inventaire de la négritude, Le Seuil, 3rd edn, 1977; and G. Michaud (ed.) Negritude. Tradition et développement, P.U.F., 1978.
See the last work by L.S. Senghor, Liberté 3. Négritude et civilisation de l’universel, Le Seuil, 1977.
Portrait du Colonisé, Pauvert, 1966.
Frantz Fanon, Les Damnés de la Terre, Maspero, 1961.
On Fanon’s political and social ideas see E. Hansen: Frantz Fanon, Ohio State University Press, 1977.
Op. cit., pp. 163–164, underlined in the text.
F. Fanon, op. cit., pp. 157
F. Fanon, op. cit., pp. 168.
Op. cit., p. 159.
See the work by A. Laroui: L’idéologie arabe contemporaine, Maspero, 1967 and the critique by G. Labica in the Revue Algérienne, December 1967.
See also E. Mphalele, ‘What Price Negritude?’ in The African Image, New York, 1962, pp. 25–40.
See M. Rodinson: Marxisme et Monde Musulman, Seuil, 1972.
Black man in Malcolm X on Afro-American History, New York, 1967.
H. Djaït: La Personnalité et le Devenir Arabe Islamique, Editions du Seuil, 1974.
Marxisme et Monde Musulman, Editions du Seuil, 1972, p. 599.
Discours sur le colonialisme, Paris, 1955, and Lettre à Maurice Thorez, Paris, 1956.
See for example Article 19 of the Algerian Constitution of 1976 (the suppression of regionalism) or Article 5 of the Angolan Constitution of 1975 which speaks of promoting solidarity, notably the cultural solidarity of regions, and of ‘liquidating the consequences of regionalism and tribalism’.
Vocation de l’Islam, Le Seuil, Paris, 1954 and L’Afro-asiatisme, Cairo, 1956.
Nation et voie africaine du socialisme, Présence africaine, 1961, p. 110.
La révolution guinéenne et le progrès social, 1964, pp. 363–364.
Liberté 1, Le Seuil, p. 320.
Article 19 of the Algerian Constitution of 1976, indicating that the objective is to ‘assert the national identity, the resultant of the Islamic moral code, and the principles of the socialist revolution.’
Cf. K.L. Adelman: ‘The recourse to authenticity and négritude in Zaire’, JMAS, 1975, No. 1, pp. 134 et seq.
See M. Kaddar: ‘Langage et réalités politiques en Tunisie’, Thèse de Science Politique, Université de Paris I, 1977.
On this concept, see the studies by R.I. Rotberg in the JMAS, 1966, No. 1 and by E.S. Glenn in Comparative Political Studies, October 1973, pp. 347–366.
Les systèmes politiques africains, Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1972, vol. 1, pp. 64 to 89. Likewise B. Lewis (The Middle East and the West, London, 1964, p. 135) refers to culture which the Arab ‘hates and admires, imitates but cannot share’.
Portrait du Colonisé, pp. 161–162, underlined in the text.
R. Galissot, L’économie de l’Afrique du Nord, p. 48.
J.S. Coleman, Nigeria — Background to Nationalism, Univ. of California Press, 1958, p. 87.
See A.K.H. Weinrich, African Farmers in Rhodesia, O.U.P., 1975
R. Pichon, Le Drame Rhodésien, Editions L’Harmattan, Paris 1975.
Cf. K. Good: ‘Settler colonialism’, JMAS, 197, No. 4.
For Nigeria, see the work by Coleman already cited, pp. 88–89.
See our study: L’évolution du syndicalisme en Afrique noire, Recueil Penant, April-May 1962, Paris.
Les étudiants noirs parlent, Présence africaine, 1953, pp. 145–184.
‘Racines économiques et sociales des nationalismes du tiers monde’, Revue Française de Sciences Politiques, 1965, p. 452.
See chap. XIII of the thesis by L. Ngondo, ‘Le rôle politique des forces religieuses au Cameroun de 1922 à 1955’, Thèse de Sciences Politiques, I.E.P. de Paris, 1977 (on the subject of Ruben Um Nyobé’s U.P.C.).
‘The Intellectuals in the political development of the new States’. Reprinted from ‘World Polities’ (April 1960) in the book edited by J.H. Kotski: Political Change in Underdeveloped Countries, Wiley, New York, 1965, pp. 212–213.
J.Cl. Vatin: L’Algérie Politique, A. Colin, 1974, p. 199 et seq.
See: The Trotskyite-inspired work by J. Moneta: Le P.C.F. et la question coloniale (1920–1965), Editions Gît-le-Coeur; Cahiers de l’Institut Maurice Thorez, 1970, No. 18
R. Girardet: L’idée coloniale en France, ed. La Table Ronde, 1972.
M. Rodinson, op. cit. E. Sivan: Communisme et nationalisme en Algérie, Presses de la F.N.S.P., 1976.
Guinée, Etat pilote. Pion, 1960.
See A. François and J.P. Séréni: Un Algérien nommé Boumediène, Stock, 1976.
Op. cit., pp. 43–44
A. Abdel-Malek, Idéologie et renaissance nationale, Anthropos, 1969, pp. 284–286
A. Abdel-Malek, Idéologie et renaissance nationale, Anthropos, 1969, pp. 372–405.
See notably D.G. Austin: ‘The transfer of power: why and how?’ Communication at the Symposium ‘Independence and Dependence’, F.N.S.P., Paris, 1976.
See the author’s study: ‘Vers la création de dominions noirs: la Gold Coast’, Revue de l’Union Française, 1952 (reprint). D. Kimble, Political History of Ghana Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1963.
D.G. Austin Ghana Observed, Manchester University Press, 1976 (Collection of articles).
See Y. Bénot: Idéologies des Indépendances Africaines, Maspero, 1972.
See vol. 2 of the author’s ‘Droit d’Outre-Mer’, Montchrestien, 1960.
See the thesis by A. Bourgi: ‘La coopération Franco-Africaine’, Université de Paris I (Panthéon-Sorbonne), 1976, published in the Bibliothèque Africaine et Malgache, Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, Paris, 1978.
See S. Camara: La Guinée sans la France, F.N.S.P., Paris, 1976.
See Ph. Decraene: Le Panafricanisme, Series ‘Que sais-je?’ Y. Bénot, op. cit., p. 130 et seq.
C. Legum: Le panafricanisme à l’épreuve de l’indépendance, Editions St. Paul, Paris, 1975
H. Trader: Panafrikanismus und Staatnationalismus, Herbert Land, Frankfurt, 1975 (Theory and practice up to the creation of the O.A.U.).
E. Geiss, The Panafricanist Movement, Methuen, London, 1974. Also the works cited in Part IV, chap. I.
See the Chronique de politique étrangère, Bruxelles, July-November 1958, vol. XI, Nos. 4–6
Africa Must Unite, International Publishers, New York.
Cf. J.Cl. Gautron: ‘La CEAO — antécédents et perspectives’, Annuaire Français de Droit International, 1975, pp. 197–216; and the ‘Chronique’ of the Annuaire du Tiers-Monde covering regional and subregional organizations, (yearly since 1975).
See the papers presented at the Dakar symposium (March 1978) on economic cooperation in West Africa and at Conakry in May 1980.
B. Korany: Afro-Asian Alignment in the Contemporary International System, Geneva, 1975 and the bibliography mentioned in l’Annuaire du Tiers Monde under the heading ‘External policies’.
See the author’s ‘Relations Internationales’, Montchrestien, 2nd edn., 1977. On the Conference of Nonaligned Countries in Algiers (1973) see the article by G. Chatillon in l’Annuaire du Tiers-Monde, 1974/1975, Berger-Levrault, 1976 and the book of Mohamed Bedjaoui, Non-alignement et droit international, A.W. Sijthoff, Leyden, 1976.
See A.P. Lentin, La lutte tricontinentale, Maspero, 1966 and the journal ‘Tricontinental’.
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Gonidec, P.F. (1981). International Relations. In: African Politics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8902-3_4
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