Abstract
In the light of the different factors to which we have just referred, we may class political forces in accordance with different criteria, which may combine one with another in such a way that the typology is more complex than it might first appear to be.
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Notes
N.N. Miller: ‘The political survical of traditional leadership’ JMAS, 1968, pp. 183–201.
Cf B. Sine: Impérialisme et théories sociologiques du développement, op. cit., chap. 1.
See for example, in the case of the Maghreb, E. Hermassi: Etat et société au Maghreb, Paris, 1975.
A. Chiadmi: ‘Terre et pouvoir au Maroc’, Le Monde Diplomatique, April, 1974, p. 21.
See M. Ottaway: ‘Social classes and corporate interests in the Ethiopian revolution’, JMAS, 1973, No. 3.
J.L. Miège, op. cit., p. 4.
Cf. P. Gifford and W.R.R. Louis, France and Britain in Africa, London, 1971.
See C. Viswasam: Sierra Leone Local Government in the Chiefdoms, Freetown, 1973.
M. Kilson: Political Change in a West African State: A Study of a Modernization Process in Sierra Leone, Cambridge, Mass., 1966.
Where Cameroon is concerned, see the thesis by J.F. Bayart and the author’s ‘La République du Camerun’, Berger-Levrault, Collection Encyclopédie Politique et Constitutionnel, 2nd edn., 1977.
J. Suret-Canale: ‘La fin de la chefferie en Guinée’, Journal of African History, 1966, No. 3, pp. 459–493.
‘Elites intermédiaires dans le Maroc indépendant’, in Elites, pouvoir et légitimité au Maghreb, CNRS, 1973; M. Rousset: La régionalisation au Maroc, Bulletin de l’IIAP, July/September, 1974.
M.R. Gusfield: in the above cited study reprinted in Political Development and Social Change, J. Wiley, London, 2nd edn, 1971, p. 19.
C. Vieyra: ‘Structures politiques traditionnelles et structures politiques modernes’, in Tradition et modernisme en Afrique Noire, Seuil, 1965, p. 209; along the same lines, see Cissé, op. cit.
Nonetheless, the scientific study of the opposition forces creates very serious problems for the research worker. Where Tunisia is concerned, see the unpublished ‘Mémoire de science politique’ by Madame Chamari, Université de Paris I, 1975. (May be consulted at the library of the University of Paris, rue Cujas, 75005 Paris).
See D. Lavroff: ‘Les partis politiques africains’, in the series Que sais-je?
See C.R. Ageron: Les Algériens Musulmans et la France, PUF, 1968, vol. II, pp. 1025 et seq.
Bibliothèque Africaine et Malgache, LGDJ, 1969.
See the jointly authored work: The Development of an African Working Class, Longman, London, 1975 (Case Studies).
Politique aujourd’hui, June 1970 (a French periodical).
‘Trade Unions’ in the jointly-authored work: Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa, pp. 340–381.
See J. Suret-Canale: op. cit., pp. 517 et seq.
See the journal Le mouvement social and the works cited in Part IV.
A. Menouni: ‘Le syndicalisme ouvrier au Maroc’, Law Thesis, Grenoble University, 1975, p. 38.
A. Menouni: ‘Le syndicalisme ouvrier au Maroc’, Law Thesis, Grenoble University, 1975, p. 38 (lapIbid., p. 46.
See the bibliography in the Annuaire du Tiers Monde under the heading ‘organisations sociales’.
On this point, see the thesis by H. Vandevelde: ‘La participation des femmes algériennes à la vie politique et sociale’, Political Science Doctorate, Algiers, 1972
and the works by F. M’Rabet: La femme algérienne and Les Algériennes, Maspero, Paris, 1969.
See F. Ngatchou: ‘Le problème de l’administration publique dans les pays d’Afrique Noire d’expression française’, Administrative Science Thesis, Université de Paris II, 1975.
With regard to Algeria, see the excellent thesis by T. Michalon: ‘Les collectivités locales algériennes’, Law Thesis, Aix. 1976, 2 vols. For Morocco, see M. Rousset: ‘Administration et société au Maroc’, Mélanges Le Tourheau, vol. 2.
See the work already cited by N.B. Cohen, and the work of a former Colonial Governor, H. Deschamps: Roi de la brousse, Berger-Levrault, 1975.
F. Ngatchou: ‘Le problème de l’administration publique dans les pays d’Afrique Noire d’expression française’, Administrative Science Thesis, Université de Paris II, 1975 (lapop. cit., pp. 239–240
P. Nassara: ‘Aspects de la domination politique au Cameroun’, Revue Française d’Etudes politiques Africaines, May 1975, pp. 88–112.
I.L. Markovitz: ‘Bureaucratic development and economic growth’, JMAS, 1976, No. 2.
See the bibliography prepared by M.L. Martin: ‘L’armée et la société en Afrique’, Bordeaux University, 1975; and the bibliography of the Annuaire du Tiers Monde, from 1975.
See, for example, the role of students in the application of the agrarian reform in Ethiopia: M. Ottaway: ‘Social classes and corporate interests’, JMAS, 1976, No. 3, p. 483.
L’Algérie politique, Presses de la FNSP, 1975, p. 398.
See the work of CIA agent P. Agee: Inside the Company, CIA Diary, Bantam Books, NY, 1975.
See R.L. Borosage and J. Marks (eds): The CIA File, NY, 1976, p. 38.
J. Stockwell: In Search of Enemies. A CIA Story, G.J. McLeod, Toronto, 1978.
Report of the United Nations Security Council Commission of Enquiry, 1977.
See the study by J. Owona: ‘Les sociétés multinationales au Cameroun’ (unpublished) and the jointly authored work already cited: C. Widstrand (ed.), Multinational Firms in Africa, Uppsala; 1975
also S. Karaganov: ‘Les activités subversives des multinationales’, La Vie Internationale, October 1976, pp. 55–63
L. Turner: Multinationals and the Third World, Hill & Wang, NY, 1975. (This work gives an account of the methods employed by the British company Lonrho, notably the use of Gill Olympio, son of the former President of Togo and representative of the International Monetary Fund in Africa, as a means of penetrating French-speaking States.)
In fact the situation was much more complicated. See P. Brietzke: ‘Land reform in revolutionary Ethiopia’, JMAS, 1976, No. 4, pp. 637–660
and Gene Ellis: ‘The feudal paradigm as a hindrance to understanding Ethiopia’, JMAS, 1976, No. 2, pp. 275–295. (See the bibliographies cited in these two articles.)
See the synthesis by Professor Le Coz, PUF, and the abundant literature on Algeria, notably the article by N. Abdi in the journal Tiers Monde, July/September 1976.
See his biography in S. Traoré: Responsabilités historiques des Etudiants africains, Anthropos. 1973.
See part III. chapter I.
J.S. Saul: The Labour Aristocracy; ‘Thesis reconsidered’ in the jointly authored work already cited: The Development of an African Working Class.
Cf. J.S. Saul and G. Arrighi: Essays on the Political Economy of Africa, Monthly Review Press, 1973, and the article by J.S. Saul already cited.
See V. Solodovnikov and M. Braguinski: ‘La classe ouvrière dans la structure sociale des pays africains,’, La Vie Internationale, October 1976, p. 50.
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Gonidec, P.F. (1981). Outline of a Typology of Political Forces. In: African Politics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8902-3_3
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