Skip to main content

Risk Preference: Empirical Evidence and Its Implications for Capital Budgeting

  • Chapter
Risk, Capital Costs, and Project Financing Decisions

Part of the book series: Nijenrode Studies in Business ((NSIB,volume 6))

Abstract

Finance is a subject that must inevitably deal with decisions that involve choices from risky alternatives in a wide variety of settings—for example, choices of investment portfolios or selections of capital assets. In order to develop normative and predictive models for choice problems such as these, assumptions about the risk preference of individual decision makers have been necessary. The traditional assumption made about risk preference is that individuals are uniformly risk averse. In its strongest form, the assumption of risk aversion has been translated into the proposition that individuals choose between risky alternatives on the basis of mean and variance (or semivariance) and that individuals are averse to risk as measured by variance (or semivariance). In a weaker form, the assumption of risk aversion implies that the utility function of individuals is concave in terminal wealth.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alderfer, C.P., and Bierman, H. “Choices with Risk: Beyond the Mean and Variance,” Journal of Business (July 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Barnes, J.D., and Reinmuth, J.E. “Comparing Imputed and Actual Utility Functions in a Competitive Bidding Setting,” Decision Sciences (October 1976).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bassler, J.F.; MacCrimmon, K.R.; Stanbury, W.T.; and Wehrung, D.A. “Multiple Criteria Dominance Models: An Empirical Study of Investment Preferences,” Working Paper No. 500, University of British Columbia, November 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Conrath, David. “From Statistical Decision Theory to Practice: Some Problems with the Transition,” Management Science (April 1973).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Feldstein, M.S. “Mean-Variance Analysis in the Theory of Liquidity Preference and Portfolio Selection,” Review of Economic Studies (January 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fidler, Eduard, and Thompson, Gerald. “An Experiment on Executive Decision Making,” Management Science Research Report No. 407, Carnegie-Mellon University, July 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fishburn, Peter C. “Mean-Risk Analysis with Risk Associated with Below-Target Returns,” American Economic Review (March 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Fishburn, Peter C., and Kochenberger, Gary A. “Two-Piece Von Neu- mann-Morgenstern Utility Functions” (forthcoming).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Fremgen, J.A. “Capital Budgeting Practices: A Survey,” Management Accounting (May 1973).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Friedman, Milton, and Savage, L.J. “The Utility Analysis of Choices Involving Risk,” Journal of Political Economy (August 1948).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gordon, M.J.; Paradis, G.E.; and Rorke, C.H. “Experimental Evidence on Alternative Portfolio Decision Rules,” American Economic Review (March 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Grayson, C.J. Decisions under Uncertainty: Drilling Decisions by Oil and Gas Companies. Boston: Harvard Business School, Division of Research, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Green, P.E. “Risk Attitudes and Chemical Investment Decisions,” Chemical Engineering Progress (January 1963).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Greer, Willis J. “Theory versus Practice in Risk Analysis: An Empirical Study,” Accounting Review (July 1974).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hadar, J., and Russell, W.R. “Rules for Ordering Uncertain Prospects,” American Economic Review (March 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Hakansson, Nils. “Friedman-Savage Utility Functions Consistent with Risk Aversion,” Quarterly Journal of Economics (August 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Halter, A.N., and Dean, G.W. Decisions under Uncertainty. Cincinnati: South-Western Publishing Company, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hogan, W.W., and Warren, J.M. “Toward the Development of Equilibrium Capital Market Model Based on Semi-Variance,” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis (January 1974).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hoskins, C.G. “Theory versus Practice in Risk Analysis: An Empirical Study —A Comment,” Accounting Review (October 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hoskins, C.G. “Capital Budgeting Decision Rules for Risky Projects Derived from a Capital Market Model Based on Semivariance,” Engineering Economist (Summer 1979 ).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kahneman, D., and Tversky, A. “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk,” Econometrica (March 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Klammer, T. “Empirical Evidence of the Adoption of Sophisticated Capital Budgeting Techniques,” Journal of Business (October 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kwang, N.Y. “Why Do People Buy Lottery Tickets? Choices Involving Risk and the Indivisibility of Expenditure,” Journal of Political Economy (October 1965).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Levy, H., and Sarnat, M. “Alternative Efficiency Criteria: An Empirical Analysis,” Journal of Finance (December 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Libby, Robert, and Fishburn, Peter. “Behavioral Models of Risk Taking in Business Decisions: A Survey and Evaluation,” Journal of Accounting Research (Autumn 1977 ).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Lintner, John. The Valuation of Risk Assets and the Selection of Risky Investments in Stock Portfolios and Capital Budgets, Review of Economics and Statistics (February 1964).

    Google Scholar 

  27. MacCrimmon, K.R.; Stanbury, W.T.; and Wehrung, D.A. “Wall Street Wagers: At Variance with Risk Theory,” unpublished paper, University of British Columbia, May 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Mao, J.C.T. “Survey of Capital Budgeting: Theory and Practice,” Journal of Finance (May 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Markowitz, Harry. “The Utility of Wealth,” Journal of Political Economy (April 1952).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Markowitz, Harry. Portfolio Selection. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Porter, R.B.; Bey, R.P.; and Lewis, D.C. “An Empirical Investigation of Stochastic Dominance and Mean-Variance Portfolio Choice Criteria,” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis (September 1973).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Porter, R.B.; Bey, R.P.; and Lewis, D.C. “The Development of a Mean- Semi-Variance Approach to Capital Budgeting,” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis (November 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Pratt, John W. “Risk Aversion in the Small and in the Large,” Econo- metrica (January-April 1964 ).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Rosett, R.N. “The Friedman-Savage Hypothesis and Convex Acceptance Sets: A Reconciliation,” Quarterly Journal of Economics (August 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Schall, L.D.; Sundem, G.L.; and Geijsbeek, W.R. “Survey and Analysis of Capital Budgeting Methods,” Journal of Finance (March 1978).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Sharpe, William F. “Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium under Conditions of Risk,” Journal of Finance (September 1964).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Sharpe, William F. Portfolio Theory and Capital Markets. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Siegel, Sidney. “Level of Aspiration and Decision Making,” Psychological Review (July 1957).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Slovic, P. “The Relative Influence of Probabilities and Payoffs upon Perceived Risk of a Gamble,” Psychonomic Science (October 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Spetzler, Carl S. “The Development of a Corporate Risk Policy for Capital Investment Decisions,” IEEE Transactions on Systems Science and Cybernetics (September 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Swalm, Ralph. “Utility Theory-Insights into Risk Taking,” Harvard Business Review (November-December 1966 ).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Whitmore, G.A. “Third-Degree Stochastic Dominance,” American Economic Review (June 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Yaari, M.E. “Convexity in the Theory of Choice under Risk,” Quarterly Journal of Economics (May 1965).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Martinus Nijhoff Publishing

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Crum, R.L., Laughhunn, D.J., Payne, J.W. (1981). Risk Preference: Empirical Evidence and Its Implications for Capital Budgeting. In: Derkinderen, F.G.J., Crum, R.L. (eds) Risk, Capital Costs, and Project Financing Decisions. Nijenrode Studies in Business, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8129-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8129-4_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-8131-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-8129-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics