Summary
The three observed particle interactions (electromagnetic, weak and strong) are thought to be low energy remnants of a unified theory (gauge symmetry group G) spontaneously broken at two energy scales MU ∼ 1015 GeV and MWS ∼ 102 GeV: [Display Equation] Finite temperature calculations show that in a cooling Universe these symmetry levels become a temporal sequence, with two phase transitions at temperatures of order MU and MWS.
In this paper we review unified interactions and their phase transitions (PTs) , which may considerably change the standard picture of the earliest Universe. Then we consider the impact of PTs on 1) the creation of the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry, 2) the origin of the density perturbations required for galaxy formation, and 3) the related problem of the creation of (too many) monopoles. It appears that 1) and perhaps 3) can be dealt with, provided the PTs, especially the first order ones, preserve the homogeneity of the Universe But 2) probably arises from the unknown epoch of quantum gravity importance.Je m ’accomrr!ode assez3 pour' moi3 des petits corps; Mais le mdde à souffrir me semble difficile3 Et Je Jou~e bien mieu:c la matière subtile. Molière Les Femmes Savantes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Actor, A. (1979) Rev. Mod. Phys. 51, 461.
Abbott, L.F. (1981) Nucl. Phys. B185, 233.
Bais, F.A., Rudaz, S. (1980) Nucl. Phys. B170, 507.
Barbieri, R. (1980) in International School of Physics E. Fermi, Varenna (preprint CERN-TH 2935).
Billoire, A., Tamvakis, K. (1981) preprint CERN-TH 3019.
Bond, J.R., Kolb, E.W., Silk, J. (1981) preprint.
Cant, R.J., (1981) Phys. Lett. 104B, 121.
Coleman, S. (1977) Phys. Rev. D15, 2929 (also D16, 1762 and D21, 3305).
Coleman, S., Weinberg, E. (1973) Phys. Rev. D7, 1888.
Crewter, R.J. (1978) Acta Physica Austriaca Suppl. XIX, 47.
Daniel, M. (1981) Phys. Lett. 98B, 371.
Daniel, M., Vayonakis, CE. (1981) Nucl. Phys. B180, 301.
Dine, M., Fisschler, W., Serednicki, M., (1981) Phys. Lett. 104B, 199.
Einhorn, M.B. (1980) in Unification of Fundamental Particle Interactions, eds. Ferrara, S., Ellis, J., Nieuwenhuizen, P. van, New York: Plenum.
Einhorn, M.B., Sato, K. (1981) Nucl. Phys. B180, 385.
Ellis, J. (1980) in Gauge theories and experiments at high energy, eds. Bowler, K.S., Sutherland, D.G.
Ellis, J., Gaillard, M.K., Nanopoulos, D.V., Rudaz, S. (1980a) Nucl. Phys. B176, 61.
Ellis, J., Gaillard, M.K., Peterman, A., Sachrajda, C.T. (1980b) Nucl. Phys. B164, 253.
Ellis, J., Gaillard, M.K., Zumino, B. (1980c) Phys. Lett. 94B, 343.
Ellis, J., Gaillard, M.K., Nanopoulos, D.V. (1980d), in Unification of Fundamental Particle Interactions, eds. Ferrara, S., Ellis, J., Nieuwenhuizen, P. van, New York: Plenum.
Ellis, J., Gaillard, M.K., Nanopoulos, D.V., Rudaz, S. (1981a) Phys. Lett. 99B, 101.
Ellis, J., Gaillard, M.K., Nanopoulos, D.V., Rudaz, S. (1981b) Nature 293, 41.
Fetter, A.L., Walecka, J.D. (1971) Quantum Theory of Many Particle Systems, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Flores, R.A., Sher, M. (1981) Phys. Lett. 103B, 445.
Fujii, Y. (1981) Phys. Lett. 103B, 29.
Georgi, H., Glashow, S.L. (1974) Phys. Rev. Lett. 32, 438.
Georgi, H., Quin, H.R., Weinberg, S. (1974) Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 451.
Guth, A.H. (1981) Phys. Rev. D23, 347.
Guth, A.H., Tye, S.H. (1981) Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 631, 963.
Guth, A.H., Weinberg, E. (1981) Phys. Rev. D23, 876.
Hut, P., Klinkhamer, F.R. (1981a) submitted Astron. Astrophys. (preprint 3 June 1981).
Hut, P., Klinkhamer, F.R. (1981b), Phys. Lett. 104B, 439.
Jackiw, R. (1980) Rev. Med. Phys, 52, 661.
Jaffe, A., Taubes, C. (1980) Vortices and Monopoles, Boston: Birkhauser.
Kibble, T.W.B. (1976) J. Phys. A9, 1387.
Kirzhnits, D.A., Linde, A.D. (1976) Ann. Phys. 101, 195.
Ko lb, E.W., Wolfram, S. (1980a) Nucl. Phys. B172, 224.
Kolb, E.W., Wolfram, S. (1980b) Astrophys. J. 239, 428.
Langacker, P. 1981, Phys. Rep. 72, 185.
Linde, A.D. (1979) Rep. Prog. Phys. 42, 389.
Linde, A.D. (1980) Phys. Lett. 96B, 293.
Nanopoulos. D.V. (1980) in xvieme Rencontre de Moriond (preprint CERN-TH 2896).
Nanopoulos, D.V., Weinberg, S. (1979) Phys. Rev. D20, 2484.
Olive, K., Schramm, D.N., Steigman, G., Turner, M.S., Yang, Y. (1981) O’Raifeartaigh, L. (1979) Rep. Prog. Phys. 42, 159.
Pagels, H., Tomboulis, E. (1978) Nucl. Phys. B143, 485.
Peccei, R.D., Quinn, H.R. (1977) Phys. Rev. D15, 1791.
Prasad, M.K. (1980) Physica ID, 167.
Prasad, M.K. (1981) Coram. Math. Phys. 80, 137.
Prasad, M.K., Rossi, P. (1980), Preprint MIT-CTP-903 (also Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 806).
Presskill, J.P. (1979) Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1365.
Sato, K. (1981) Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 195, 467.
Sher, M. (1981) Phys. Rev. D24, 1699.
Steigman, G. (1976) Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 14, 339.
Taylor, J.C. (1976) Gauge Theories of Weak Interactions Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Tamvakis, K., Vayonakis, C.E. (1981) preprint CERN-TH 3108.
Ward, R.S. (1981) Coram. Math. Phys. 79, 319.
Weinberg, S. (1972) Gravitation and Cosmology, New York: Wiley.
Weinberg, S. (1974) Phys. Rev. D9, 3357.
Weinberg, S. (1979a) Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 850.
Weinberg, S. (1979b) Phys. Lett. 82B, 387.
Witten, E. (1979) Nucl. Phys. B149, 285.
Witten, E. (1981a) Nucl. Phys. B177, 477.
Witten, E. (1981b) Nucl. Phys. B188, 513.
Yildiz, A., Cox, P.H. (1980) Phys. Rev. D21, 906.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 D. Reidel Publishing Company
About this paper
Cite this paper
Klinkhamer, F.R. (1982). Breaking of Gauge Symmetries in the Cooling Universe. In: Wolfendale, A.W. (eds) Progress in Cosmology. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 99. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7873-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7873-7_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-7875-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-7873-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive