Abstract
The term ‘Oekologie’ was coined in 1866 by Ernest Haeckel in a book relating animal morphology to Charles Darwin’s then new theory of evolution by natural selection. Haeckel claimed that the theory of evolution explained and formed the groundwork of ecology. This natal link with the premier theory of biology was quite clear in the minds of early American ecologists. S. A. Forbes (1895) allowed that the whole Darwinian doctrine belonged to ecology. J. C. Arthur (1895) wrote, “We may call Darwin the father of vegetable ecology, for had he not written, the field would have lain largely uncultivated and uninteresting”. H. C. Cowles (1904) was equally explicit, “If ecology has a place at all in modern biology, certainly one of its great tasks is to unravel the mysteries of adaptation”; and J. G. Needham (1904) described it as, “the study of the phenomena of fitness”. The Darwinian derivation and emphasis of ecology has also been noted by historians of science. R. C. Stauffer (1957) asserted, “As a source for a vital stimulus to the continuing development of ecology we must look rather to the work of Charles Darwin”. R. Tobey (1976) wrote the “great theoretical synthesis” of ecology by Darwin was generally assumed by historians; and D. Worster (1977) developed the Darwinian base for ecology in detail. Recent ecologists, like John Harper (1967), reclaimed the theory of natural selection as an ecological theory, and Darwin as “the greatest of all ecologists”, but complained that Darwinian ecology had been largely neglected by ecologists.
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McIntosh, R.P. (1982). The Background and Some Current Problems of Theoretical Ecology. In: Saarinen, E. (eds) Conceptual Issues in Ecology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7796-9_1
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