Skip to main content

Tumour Immunology

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Developments in Oncology ((DION,volume 11))

Abstract

For many years it was thought that the apparently inexorable progression of malignant tumours could be halted or, at least, retarded only by surgical extirpation or other external influences. During this century, however, it has become clear that the growth of tumours may be subject to some internal controlling influences such as fluctuations in the endocrine milieu and immune responses. The role of immunological mechanisms in modulating tumour growth is the subject of this chapter. Immunity may operate against tumours as either an innate defence mechanism amenable to artificial therapeutic stimulation or as a factor working in concert with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy in a way that benefits the patient.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Everson TC, Cole WH: Spontaneous regression of cancer. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Woglom WH: Immunity to transplantable tumours. Cancer Rev 4: 129–214, 1929.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Gross L: Intradermal immunization of C3H mice against a sarcoma that originated in an animal of the same line. Cancer Res 13: 835–837, 1943.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Foley EJ: Antigenic properties of methylcholanthrene-induced tumours in mice of the strain of origin. Cancer Res 13: 835–837, 1953.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Prehn RT, Main JM: Immunity to methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 18: 768–778, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rees RC, Potter CW: In vivo studies of cell-mediated and humoral immune response to adenovirus 12-induced tumour cells. Arch Ges Virusforsch 41: 116–126, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Price MR, Baldwin RW: Preparation of aminoazo dye induced rat hepatoma membrane fractions retaining tumour specific antigen. Br J Cancer 30: 382–393, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Price MR, Baldwin RW: Immunogenic properties of rat hepatoma subcellular fractions. Br J Cancer 30: 394–400, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hellstrom I, Hellstrom KE, Pierce GE, Yang JPS: Cellular and humoral immunity to different types of human neoplasms. Nature 220: 1352–1354, 1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Takasugi M, Mickey MR, Terasaki PI: Reactivity of lymphocytes from normal persons on cultured tumour cells. Cancer Res 33: 2898–2902, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Herberman RB, Holden HT: Natural cell-mediated immunity. Adv Cancer Res 27: 305–377, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Underwood JCE: Lymphoreticular infiltration in human tumours: prognostic and biological implications: A review. Br J Cancer 30: 538–548, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Underwood JCE, Carr I: The ultrastructure of lymphoreticular cells in non-lymphoid human neoplasms. Virchows Arch Abt B Zellpath 12: 39–50, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Nind APP, Nairn RC, Rolland JM, Guli EPG, Hughs ESR: Lymphocyte anergy in patients with carcinoma. Br J Cancer 28: 108–117, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Archibald RB, Frenster JH: Quantitative ultrastructural analysis of in vivo lymphocyte Reed-Sternberg cell interactions in Hodgkin’s disease. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 36: 239–245, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Leffell MS, Coggin JH: Common transplantation antigens on methylcholanthrene-induced murine sarcomas detected by three assays of tumour rejection. Cancer Res 37: 4112–4119, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Economou GC, Takeichi N, Boone CW: Common tumour rejection antigens in methylcholanthrene-induced squamous cell carcinomas of mice detected by tumour protection and a radioisotopic footpad assay. Cancer Res 37: 37–41, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kadhim SA, Rees RC: T-lymphocyte mediated tumor rejection of a C51B1 mouse sarcoma: Characterization of effector cells by in vivo adoptive transfer assay. Submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Rees RC, Price MR, Baldwin RW: Oncodevelopmental antigen expression in chemical carcinogenesis. Methods Cancer Res 18: 99–133, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Coggin JH, Ambrose KR: Embryonic and fetal determinants on virally and chemically induced tumors. Methods Cancer Res 18: 371–389, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hewitt HB, Blake ER, Walder AS: A critique of the evidence for active host defence against cancer based on personal studies of 27 murine tumours of spontaneous origin. Br J Cancer 33: 241–259, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Wrathmell AB, Alexander P: Immunogenicity of a rat leukaemia of spontaneous origin (SAL). Br J Cancer 33: 181–186, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Vasa-Thomas KA, Ambrose KR, Bellomy BB, Coggin JH: Characterization of immune responses to spontaneous hamster lymphomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 58: 1287–1293, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hammond WG, Fisher JC, Rolley RT: Tumour-specific transplantation immunity to spontaneous mouse tumors. Surgery 62: 124–133, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hewitt HB: The choice of animal tumours for experimental studies of cancer therapy. Adv Cancer Res 27: 149–200, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hewitt HB: A critical examination of the foundations of immunotherapy for cancer. Clin Radiol 30: 361–369, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Law LW, Rogers MJ, Appella E: Tumor antigens on neoplasms induced by chemical carcinogens and by DNA- and RNA-containing viruses: properties of the solubilized antigens. Adv Cancer Res 32: 201–235, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Natori T, Law LW, Appella E: Biologic and biochemical properties of detergent-solubilized tumor-specific transplantation antigen from a simian virus 40-induced neoplasm: Brief communication. J Natl Cancer Inst 59: 1331–1333, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Pellis NR, Kahan BD: Specific tumor immunity induced with soluble materials: restricted range of antigen dose and of challenge tumor load for immunoprotection. J Immunol 115: 1717–1722, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Pasternak L, Pasternak G, Karsten U: Immunogenicity of soluble extracts from a UV light-induced mouse sarcoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 3: 273–275, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Bubenich J, Indrova N, Nemeckova S, Malkovsky M, Von Broen B, Palek V, Anderlikov T: Solublised tumour associated antigens of methylcholanthrene-induced mouse sarcomas. Comparative studies by in vitro sensitisation of lymph node cells, macrophage electrophoretic mobility assay and transplantation tests. Int J Cancer 21: 348–355, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Price MR, Preston VE, Robins RA, Zoller M, Baldwin RW: Induction of immunity to chemically-induced rat tumours by cellular or soluble antigens. Cancer Immunol Immunother 3: 247–252, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Kurth R, Fenyer EM, Klein E, Essex M: Cell-surface antigens induced by RNA tumour viruses. Nature 279: 197–201, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hellstrom I: A Colony inhibition (CI) technique for demonstration of tumour cell destruction by lymphoid cells in vitro. Int J Cancer 2: 65–68, 1967.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Takasugi M, Klein E: A microassay for cell-mediated immunity. Transplantation 9: 219–227, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Brookes CG, Rees RC, Baldwin RW: Studies on the microtoxicity test. I. Evidence that the effects of normal lymphocytes on tumour cell growth in microtest plates are caused by non-immunological modifications of the culture media. Int J Cancer 18: 778–786, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Powell AE, Sloss AM, Smith RN, Makley JT, Hubay CA: Specific responsiveness of leukocytes to soluble extracts of human tumours. Int J Cancer: 905–913, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Sinkovics JG, Campos LT, Kay HD, Cabines JR, Gonzalez F, Loh KK, Ervin F, Gyorkey F • Immunological studies with human sarcomas. Effects of immunisation and chemo-therapy on cell-and antibody-mediated immune reactions. In: Immunological aspects of neoplasia. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1975, pp 367–401.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Mavligit GM, Gutterman JU, McBride GM, Hersh EM: Cell-mediated immunity to human solid tumours in vitro detection by lymphocyte blastogenic responses to cell-associated and solubilised tumour antigens. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 37: 167, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Cohen AM, Ketcham AS, Morton DL: Tumour-specific cellular cytotoxicity of human sarcomas. Evidence for a cell-mediated immune response to a common sarcoma cell-surface antigen. J Natl Cancer Inst 50: 585–589, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Gainor BJ, Forbes JT, Enneking WF, Smith RT: Specific antigen stimulated lymphocytes proliferation in osteosarcoma. Cancer 37: 743–750, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Relia W, Kotz R, Arbes H, Leber H: Tumour-specific immunity in sarcoma patients. Oncology 34: 219–223, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Vanky F, Argov S: Human tumour-lymphocyte interaction in vitro. VII. Blastogenesis and generation of cytotoxicity against autologous tumour biopsy cells are inhibited by interferon. Int J Cancer 26: 405–411, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Vanky F, Stjernsward J: Lymphocyte stimulation. In: Immunodiagnosis of cancer, Herberman RB, McIntire KR (eds). New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 1979, pp 889–1032.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Vose BM, Vanky F, Fopp M, Klein E: In vitro generation of cytotoxicity against autologous human tumour biopsy cells. Int J Cancer 21: 588–593, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Wells SA Jr, Burdich JF, Christiansen C, Ketcham AS, Atkins P: Demonstration of tumour associated delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in patients with lung cancer and in patients with carcinoma of the cervix. Nati Cancer Inst Mong 37: 197–203, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Hollinshead AC, Stewart THM, Herberman RB: Delayed-hypersensitivity reactions to soluble membrane antigens of human malignant lung cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 52: 327–338, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Bell CE: Human lung cancer plasma membrane antigens. In: Serological analysis of human cancer antigens, Rosenberg SA (ed). New York: Academic Press, 1980, pp 239–251.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Shiku H, Takahashi T, Carey T, Resnick L, Pfreundschah M, Ueda R, Oettgen HF, Old LJ: Definition of cell surface antigens of human malignant melanoma, astrocytoma, and renal cancer by typing with autologous serum. In: Serologic analysis of human cancer antigens, Rosenberg SA (ed). New York: Academic Press, 1980, pp 305–337.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Hawrylko E, Mackaness GB: Immunopotentiation with BCG IV. Factors affecting the magnitude of an anti-tumour response. J Natl Cancer Inst 51: 1683–1688, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Fogel M, Gorelick E, Segal S, Cohen IR, Feldman M: Demonstration of antigenic differences between a local tumour of Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) and its pulmonary metastases. Isr J Med Sci 13: 1032, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Bosslet K, Schirrmacher V, Shantz G: Tumour metastases and cell-mediated immunity in a model system in DBA/2 mice. VI. Similar specificity patterns of protective anti-tumour immunity in vivo and of cytolytic T cells in vitro. Int J Cancer 24: 303–313, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Frost P, Kerbel RS: Immunoselection in vitro of a non-metastatic variant from a highly metastatic tumour. Int J Cancer 27: 381–385, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Chow DA, Greenberg AH: The generation of tumour heterogeneity in vivo. Int J Cancer 25: 261–265, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Schirrmacher V, Shantz G, Clauer K, Komitowski D, Zimmermann HP, Lohmann-Mathes M: Tumour metastases and cell mediated immunity in a model system in DBA/2 mice. I. Tumour invasiveness in vitro and metastases formation in vivo. Int J Cancer 23: 233–244, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Gorelick E, Fogel M, Segal S, Feldman M: Tumour-associated antigenic differences between the primary and the descendant metastatic tumour cell populations. J Supramolec Struct 12: 385–402, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Faldt R, Ankerst J: Tumour-associated humoral cytotoxicity in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia before and after chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 20: 824–833, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Brunner KT, Mauel J, Cerottini JC, Chapuis B: Quantitative assay of the lytic action of immune lymphoid cells on 51Cr-labelled allogeneic target cells in vitro; inhibition by isoantibody and by drugs. Immunology 14: 181–196, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Rosenberg EB, Herberman RB, Levine PH, Halterman RH, McCoy JL, Wanderlick JR: Lymphocyte cytotoxicity reactions to leukemia-associated antigens in identical tumours. Int J Cancer 9: 648–658, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Heppner G, Henry E, Stobbach L, Cummings F, McDonough E, Calabresi P: Problems in the clinical use of the microcytotoxicity assay for measuring cell-mediated immunity to tumour cells. Cancer Res 35: 1931–1937, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Peter H, Pavie-Fischer J, Fridman W, Aubert C, Cesarini JP, Roubin R, Kourilsky FM: Cell-mediated cytoxicity in vitro of human lymphocytes against a tissue culture melanoma cell line (IGR3). J Immunol 115: 539–548, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Kiessling R, Klein E, Wigzell H: Natural killer cells in the mouse. I. Cytotoxic cells with specificity for mouse leukemia cells. Specificity and distribution according to genotype. Eur J Immunol 5: 112–117, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Herberman RB, Djeu JY, Kay HD, Ortaldo JR, Riccardi C, Bonnard GD, Holden HT, Fagnani R, Santoni A, Puccetti P: Natural killer cells: characteristics and regulation of activity. Immunol Rev 44: 43–70, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Herberman RB, Nunn ME, Holden HT, Lavrin DH: Natural cytotoxic reactivity of mouse lymphoid cells against syngeneic and allogeneic tumours. II. Characterization of effector cells. Int J Cancer 16: 230–239, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Santoli D, Koprowski H: Mechanism of activation of human natural killer cells against tumour and virus-infected cells. Immunol Rev 44: 125–163, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Riccardi C, Santoni A, Barlozzari T, Herberman RB: In vivo natural reactivity of mice against tumor cells. Int J Cancer 25: 475–486, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Rees RC, Reynolds C, Herberman RB: Natural cytotoxicity of rat lymphoid cells towards solid tumour targets grown in vitro. In preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  68. West WH, Cannon GB, Kay HD, Bonnard GD, Herberman RB: Natural cytotoxic reactivity of human lymphocytes against a myeloid cell line: characterization of effector cells. J Immunol 118: 355–361, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Einhorn S, Blomgren H, Strander H: Interferon and spontaneous cytotoxicity in man. V. Enhancement of spontaneous cytotoxicity in patients receiving human leukocyte interferon. Int J Cancer 26: 419–428, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Djeu JY, Heinbaugh JA, Holden HT, Herberman RB: Augmentation of mouse natural killer cell activity by interferon and interferon inducers. J Immunol 122: 175–181, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Gidlund M, Orn A, Wigzell H, Senik A, Gresser I: Enhanced NK cell activity in mice injected with interferon and interferon inducers. Nature 273: 759–761, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Herberman RB, Nunn ME, Holden HT, Staal S, Djeu JY: Augmentation of natural cytotoxic reactivity of mouse lymphoid cells against syngeneic and allogenic target cells. Int J Cancer 19: 555–564, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Trinchieri G, Santoli D: Anti-viral activity induced by culturing lymphocytes with tumor-derived of virus-transformed cells. J Exp Med 147: 1314–1333, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Einhorn S, Bromgren H, Strander H: Interferon and spontaneous cytotoxicity in man. I. Enhancement of the spontaneous cytotoxicity of peripheral lymphocytes by human leukocyte interferon. Int J Cancer 22: 405–412, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Herberman RB: Augmentation of NK activity. In: Natural cell-mediated immunity against tumors, Herberman RB (ed). New York: Academic Press, 1980, pp 239–251.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Burnet FM: The concept of immunological surveillance. Prog Exp Tumour Res 13: 1–27, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Rygaard J, Povlsen CO: The nude mouse vs the hypothesis of immunological surveillance. Transplant Rev 28: 43–61, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Riesenfeld I, Tufveson G, Alm GV: Lymphoma development from transplanted murine leukaemia virus infected organ cultured thymuses: Inhibitory effect of in vitro interferon treatment. Int J Cancer 25: 529–534, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Haller O, Hansson M, Kiessling R, Wigzell H: Role of non-conventional natural killer cells in resistance against syngeneic tumour cells in vivo. Nature 270: 609–611, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Harman RC, Clarke EA, O’Toole C, Wickler LS: Resistance of H2-heterozygous mice to parental tumours. I. Hybrid resistance and natural cytotoxicity to EL-4 are controlled by the H-2D Hh-1 region. Immunogenetics 41: 601–607, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Herberman RB, Nunn ME, Lavrin DH: Natural cytotoxic reactivity of mouse lymphoid cells against syngeneic and allogeneic tumours. I. Distribution or reactivity and specificity. Int J Cancer 16: 216–229, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Becker S, Klein E: Decreased `natural killer’-NK-effect in tumour-bearing mice and its relation to the immunity against oncornavirus determined cell surface antigens. Eur J Immunol 6: 892–898, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Gerson JM, Holden HT, Bonnard GD, Herberman RB: Natural killer cell (NK) activity in murine and human tumors. Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res 20: 238, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Pross HF, Baines MG: Spontaneous human lymphocyte-mediated cytoxicity against tumour target cells. I. The effect of malignant disease. Int J Cancer 18: 593–604, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Takasugi M, Ramseyer A, Takasugi J: Decline of natural nonselective cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with tumor progression. Cancer Res 37: 413–418, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Takasugi M, Ramseyer A, Takasugi J: Decline of natural nonselective cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with tumor progression. Cancer Res 37: 413–418, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Takasugi M, Ramseyer A, Takasugi J: Decline of natural nonselective cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with tumor progression. Cancer Res 37: 413–418, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Vose BM, Moore M: Suppressor cell activity of lymphocytes infiltrating human lung and breast tumours. Int J Cancer 24: 579–585, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Vose BM: Natural killers in human cancer: activity of tumor-infiltrating and draining node lymphocytes. In: Natural cell-mediated immunity against tumors, Herberman RB (ed). New York: Academic Press, 1980, pp 1081–1097.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Gerson JM: Systemic and in situ natural killer activity in tumor-bearing mice and patients with cancer. In: Natural cell-mediated immunity against tumors, Herberman RB (ed). New York: Academic Press, 1980, pp 1047–1062.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Perussia B, Trinchieri G: Inactivation of natural killer cell cytotoxic activity after interaction with target cells. J Immunol 126: 754–758, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Stutman O, Figarella EF, Paige CJ, Lattime EC: Natural cytotoxic (NC) cells against solid tumors in mice: general characteristics and comparison to natural killer (NK) cells. In: Natural cell-mediated immunity against tumors, Herberman RB (ed). Academic Press, 1980, pp 187–229.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Stutman O, Paige CJ, Figarella EF: Natural cytotoxic cells against solid tumours in mice. I. Strain and age distribution and target cell susceptibility. J Immunol 121: 1819–1826, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Paige CJ, Figarella EF, Cuttino MJ, Cahan A, Stutman O: Natural cytoxic cells against solid tumours in mice. II. Some characteristics of the effector cells. J Immunol 121: 1827 1835, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Keller R: Regulatory capacities of mononuclear phagocytes with particular reference to natural immunity against tumors. In: Natural cell-mediated immunity against tumors, Herberman RB (ed). New York: Academic Press, 1980, pp 1219–1269.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Mantovani A, Peri G, Polentarutti N, Allavena P: Natural cytotoxicity on tumor cells of human monocytes and macrophages. In: Natural cell-mediated immunity against tumors, Herberman RB (ed). New York: Academic Press, 1980, pp 1271–1293.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Currie GA, Basham C: Activated macrophages release a factor which lyses malignant cells but not normal cells. J Exp Med 142: 1600–1605, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Aksamit RR, Kim KJ: Macrophage cell lines produce a cytotoxin. J Immunol 122: 1785–1790, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Noar D: Suppressor cells: permitters and promoters of malignancy? Adv Cancer Res 29: 45–125, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Penn I: Tumours arising in organ transplant recipients. Adv Cancer Res 28: 31–61, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Kamo I, Friedman H: Immunosuppression and the role of suppressive factors in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 25: 271–321, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Badger AM, Cooperband SR, Merluzzi VJ: Suppressive immuno activity of ascitic fluid from patients with cancer metastatic to the peritoneum. Cancer Res 37: 1220–1226, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Herberman RB • Immunologic approaches to the diagnosis of cancer. Cancer 37: 548–862, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Herberman RB: Delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to antigens on human tumours. Cancer 34: 1469–1473, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Forrester JA, Dando PM, Smith WJ, Turberville C: Failure to confirm the macrophage electrophoretic mobility test in cancer. Br J Cancer 36: 537–544, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Caspary EA, Field EJ: Specific lymphocyte sensitisation in cancer: is there a common antigen in human malignant neoplasia? Br Med J 11: 613–617, 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Halliday WS, Maluish AE, Isbister WH: Detection of anti-tumour cell-mediated immunity and serum blocking factors in cancer patients by the leucocyte adherance inhibition test. Br J Cancer 29: 31–35, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Goodnight JE, Morton DL: Immunotherapy of cancer: current status. Prog Exp Tumour Res 25: 61–88, 1980.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Currie GA, Basham C: Serum mediated inhibition of the immunological reactions of the patient to his own tumour: a possible role for circulating antigen. Br J Cancer 26: 427–438, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Ruckdeschel JC, Codish SD, Stranahan A, McKneally MF: Postoperative empyema improves survival in lung cancer: documentation and analysis of a natural experiment. N Engl J Med 287: 1013–1017, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Mathé G, Amiel JL, Schwarzenberg L, Schneider M, Cattan A, Schlumberger JR, Hayat M, Vassal F: Active immunotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet 1: 697–699, 1969.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. McKneally MF, Mayer CM, Kausel HW: Intrapleural BCG stimulation in lung cancer. Lancet 1: 593, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Morton DL, Eilber FR, Holmes EC, Hunt JS, Ketcham AS, Silverstein MJ, Sparks FC: BCG immunotherapy of malignant melanoma: survey of a seven-year experience. Ann Surg 180: 635–643, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Sparks FC, Silverstein MJ, Hunt JS, Haskell CM, Pilch YH, Morton DL: Complications of BCG immunotherapy in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med 289: 827–830, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Spitler LE: BCG, levamisole and transfer factor in the treatment of cancer. Prog Exp Tumour Res 25: 178–192, 1980.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Rojas AF, Mickiewicz E, Feierstein JN, Glait H, Olivari AJ: Levamisole in advanced human breast cancer. Lancet 1: 211–213, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Mausawy KM, Rees RC, Potter CW: Immunogenic properties of hamster tumours of herpesvirus hominis aetiology. Cancer Immunol Immunother 8: 119–126, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Baldwin RW, Pimm MV: BCG in tumor immunotherapy. Adv Cancer Res 28: 91–147, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Cheever MA, Greenberg PD, Fefer A: Specific adoptive therapy of established leukemia with syngeneic lymphocytes sequentially immunized in vivo and in vitro and non-specifically expanded by culture with interleukin 2 J Immunol 126: 1318–1322, 1981.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Rosenberg SA, Terry WD: Passive immunotherapy of cancer in animals and man. Adv Cancer Res 25: 323–388, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Ghose T, Norvell ST, Guclu A, Cameron D, Bodurtha A, MacDonald AS: Immunochemotherapy of cancer with chlorambucil-carrying antibody. Br Med J 3: 495–499, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Ghose T, Nigam SP: Antibody as carrier of chlorambucil. Cancer 29: 1398–1400, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Flechner I: The cure and concomitant immunization of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors by treatment with an antibody-alkylating agent complex. Eur J Cancer 9: 741–745, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Nadler LM, Stashenko P, Hardy R, Kaplan WD, Button LN, Kufe DW, Autman KH, Schlossman SF: Serotherapy of a patient with a monoclonal antibody directed against a human lymphoma-associated antigen. Cancer Res 40: 3147–3154, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Deng C, Terasaki PI, El-Awar N, Billing R, Cicciarelli J, Lagasse L: Cytotoxic monoclonal antibody to a human leiomyosarcoma. Lancet 1: 403–405, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Old LJ, Stockert E: Immunogenetics of cell surface antigens of mouse leukemia. Ann Rev Genet 11: 127–160, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  127. Kurth R, Bauer H: Cell-surface antigens induced by avian RNA tumor viruses: detection by a cytotoxic microassay. Virology 47: 426–433, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Essex M, Klein G, Snyder SP, Harrold JB: Correlation between humoral antibody and regression of tumours induced by feline sarcoma virus. Nature 233: 195–196, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Ting CC, Shiu G, Rodrigues D, Herberman RB: Cell-mediated immunity to friend virus-induced leukemia. Cancer Res 34: 1684–1687, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Kunkel LA, Welsh RM: Metabolic inhibitors render `resistant’ target cells sensitive to natural killer cell mediated lysis. Int J Cancer 27: 73–80, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Vilien M, Wolf H, Rasmussen F: Follow-up investigations of bladder cancer patients by titration of natural and specific lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity; prognostic significance of specific reactivity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 10: 171–180, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. O’Toole CO, Perlmann P, Unsgaard B, Moberger G, Edsmyr F: Cellular immunity to human urinary bladder carcinoma. I. Correlation to clinical stage and radiotherapy. Int J Cancer 10: 77–91, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  133. Golub SH, Forsythe AB, Morton DL: Sequential examination of lymphocyte proliferative capacity in patients with malignant melanoma receiving BCG immunotherapy. Int J Cancer 19: 18–26, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Eilber FR, Nizza JA, Morton DL: Sequential evaluation of general immune competence in cancer patients: correlation with clinical course. Cancer 35: 660–665, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Nemoto T, Han T, Minowada J. Angkur V, Chamberlain A, Dao TL: Cell-mediated immune status of breast cancer patients: evaluation by skin tests, lymphocyte stimulation and counts of rosette-forming cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 53: 641–645, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Flores M, Marti JH, Grosser N, MacFarlane JK, Thompson DMP: An overview: antitumour immunity in breast cancer assayed by tube leukocyte adherence inhibition. Cancer 39: 484–505, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rees, R.C., Underwood, J.C.E. (1982). Tumour Immunology. In: Hancock, B.W. (eds) Assessment of Tumour Response. Developments in Oncology, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7633-7_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7633-7_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-7635-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-7633-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics