Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hypercalcaemia and Endocrine Syndromes in Cancer

  • Chapter
Assessment of Tumour Response

Part of the book series: Developments in Oncology ((DION,volume 11))

  • 31 Accesses

Abstract

Hypercalcaemia in patients with cancer is common. In about 80% of them it is associated with radiologically detectable bony metastases. Bony metastases occur most commonly in patients with cancer of the breast, lung, kidney, thyroid or prostate; cancer of the breast accounts for 70% of patients with malignant hypercalcaemia in this group. The second group of patients with hypercalcaemia consists of those with lymphomas (including leukaemia) and myeloma which account for about 15% of all cases of malignant hypercalcaemia; many of these patients, particularly those with myeloma, will have osteolytic lesions. The smallest group (less than 10%) are those who have solid tumours without radiologically detectable bony metastases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Myers WPL: Hypercalcaemia in neoplastic disease. Arch Surg 80: 308–318, 1960.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Galasko CS, Burns JI: Hypercalcaemia in patients with advanced mammary cancer. Br Med J 3: 573–577, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Paterson JS, Baum M: Safety of tamoxifen. Lancet i: 105, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Mundy GR, Eilon G, Orr W, Spiro TP, Yoneda T: Osteoclast activating factor: its role in myeloma and other types of hypercalcaemia of malignancy. Metabolic Bone Disease and Related Research 2: 173–176, 1980.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Powles TJ, Clarke SA, Easty DM, Easty GE, Munro-Neville A: The inhibition by aspirin and indomethacin of osteolytic tumour deposits and hypercalcaemia in rats with Walker tumour and its possible applications to human breast cancer. Br J Cancer 28: 316–321, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Powles TJ, Dowsett M, East GC, Easty DM, Munro-Neville A: Breast cancer, osteolysis, bone metastasis and anti-osteolytic effect of aspirin. Lancet i: 608–610, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Coomes RC, Munro-Neville A, Bondy PK et al.: Failure of indomethacin to reduce hypercalcaemia in patients with breast cancer. Prostaglandins 12(6):1027–1035, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Richmond J, Sherman RS, Diamond HD, Craver LF: Renal lesions associated with malignant lymphomas. Am J Med 32: 184–207, 1962.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Canellos GP: Hypercalcaemia in malignant lymphoma and leukaemia. Ann NY Acad Sci 230: 240–246, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Greaves M, Hancock BW: Hypercalcaemia in malignant lymphoma. Postgrad Med J 56 (651): 34–37.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Mundy GR, Rick ME, Turcotte R, Kowalski MA: Pathogenesis of hypercalcaemia in lymphocarcoma cell leukaemia–role of an osteoclast activating factor-like substance and a mechanism of action for glucocorticoid therapy. Am J Med 65: 600–606, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Horton JE, Raisz LG, Simmon HA, Oppenheim JJ, Mergenhagen SE: Bone resorting activity in supernatant fluid from cultured human peripheral blood leucocytes. Science 177: 793–795, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Buckle RM: Ectopic PTH syndrome, pseudohyperparathyroidism hypercalcaemia of malignancy. Clin Endocrinol 3: 237–251, 1974.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Melick RA, Martin TJ, Hicks JD: Parathyroid hormone production and malignancy. Br Med J (ii): 204–205, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Heath DA: Hypercalcaemia and malignancy. Ann Clin Biochem 13: 555–560, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Skrabanek P, McPartlin J, Powell D: Tumour hypercalcaemia. Medicine 59: 41, 262–282, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Demers LM, Allegra JC, Harvey HA, Lipton H, Luderer JR, Mostel R, Brenner DE: Plasma prostaglandins in hypercalcaemic patients with malignant disease. Cancer 39: 1559–1562, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Tashjian AH Jr, Voelkel EF, Levine L, Goldhaber P: Evidence that the bone resorption–stimulating factor produced by mouse fibrosarcoma cells is prostaglandin E2: a new model for the hypercalcaemia of cancer. J Exp Med 136: 1329–1342, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Brereton HD, Halushka PV, Alexander RW, Mason DM, Keiser HR, DeVita VT Jr.: Indomethacin responsive hypercalcaemia in a patient with renal-cell adenocarcinoma. N Eng J Med 291: 83–85, 1974.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Robertson RP, Baylink D.: Elevated prostaglandin El, hypercalcaemia and suppressed parathyroid hormone in neoplasia in man. Clin Res 23: 113a, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Seyberth HW, Segre GV, Morgan JL, Sweetman BJ, Potts JT, Jr. Oates JA: Prostaglandins as mediators of hypercalcaemia associated with certain types of cancer. N Eng J Med 136: 1329–1342, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kennedy BJ, Emerson WJ, Tibbets DM, Nathanson IT, Aub JL: Hypercalcaemia complication of hormone therapy of advanced breast cancer. Cancer Res 13: 445–449.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Cole MP, Jones CTA, Todd IDH: A new anti-oestrogenic agent in late breast cancer. An early clinical appraisal of ICI 46474. Br J Cancer 25: 270–275, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ward HWC: Antioestrogen therapy for breast cancer; a trial of tamoxifen at 2 dose levels. Br Med J 1: 13–14, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Manni A, Trujillo J, Marshall JS, Pearson OH: Antioestrogen-induced remission in stage four breast cancer. Cancer Treat Reports 60: 1445–1450, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kiang DT, Kennedy BJ: Tamoxifen (antioestrogen) therapy in advanced breast cancer. Ann Intern Med 87 (6): 687–690, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Veldhuis JD: Tamoxifen and hypercalcaemia. Ann Intern Med 88 (4): 574–575, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Minton MJ, Cantwell BN, Knight RK, Ruben ED, Hayward JL: Safety of tamofixen. Lancet i: 346–397, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Spooner D, Evans BD: Tamoxifen and life threatening hypercalcaemia. Lancet ii: 413–414, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Minton MJ, Sparrow G, Rubens RD, Hayward JL: Tamoxifen induced hypercalcaemia and response to treatment. Br Med J 280: 186–187, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Coombes RC, Dady P, Parsons C, Powles TJ: Mithromycin therapy, an adjunct to conventional treatment of hypercalcaemia and bone metastasis in breast cancer. Metabolic Bone Disease and Related Research 2: 199–202, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Muggia FM, Heineman HO: Hypercalcaemia associated with neoplastic disease. Ann Intern Med 73: 281–290, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Lokich J, Shevitz F: Hypercalcaemia in malignant lymphoma, a case in a patient after parathyroidectomy. JAMA 242 (1): 66–67, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. McArthur JR, Athens JW, Wintrobe MN, Cartwright GE: Melphalan and myeloma: experience with a low-dose continuous regimen. Ann Intern Med 72: 665–670, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Powell D, Singer FR, Murray TM, Minkin C, Potts JT Jr.: Non-parathyroid humoral hypercalcaemia in patients with neoplastic disease. N Engl J Med 289: 176–181, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Tomlinson S: Investigation of hypercalcaemia. Metabolic Bone Disease and Related Research 3: 161–166, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Drezner MK, Lebovitz HE: Primary hyperparathyroidism in paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia. Lancet i (8072): 1004–1006, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Shields R: Ectopic hormone production by tumours. Nature 272 (5653): 494, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Odell WD, Wolfsen AR: Hormones from tumours; are they ubiquitous? Am J Med 68 (3): 317–318, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Wolfsen AR, Odell WD: Pro-ACTH; used for early detection of lung cancer. Am J Med 66 (5): 765–772, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Gropp C, Havemann K, Scheuer A: Ectopic hormones in lung cancer patients at diagnosis and during therapy. Cancer 46 (1): 347–354, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Amatruda TT, Upton GV: Hyperadrenocorticsm and ACTH releasing factor. Ann NY Acad Sci 230: 168, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Meador CK, Liddle GW, Island DP, Nicholson WE, Lucas CP, Nuckton JG, Leutscher JA: Cause of Cushing’s syndrome in patients with tumours arising from non-endocrine tissue. J Clin Endocrinol 22: 693–703, 1962.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Liddle GW, Givens JR, Nicholson WE: The ectopic ACTH syndrome. Cancer Res 25: 1057–1061, 1965.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Ratcliffe JG, Knight RA, Besser GM, Landon J, Stansfield AG: Tumour and plasma ACTH concentrations in patients with and without ectopic ACTH syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 1: 22–44, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Orth DM, Liddle GW: Results of treatment in 108 patients with Cushing’s syndrome. N Engl J Med 285: 243–247, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Hansen M, Hammer M, Hummer L: ACTH, ADH and calcitonin as markers of response and relapse in small cell carcinoma of the lung. Cancer 46 (2):2062–2067.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Hansen M, Hammer M, Hummer L: Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of ectopic hormone production in small cell carcinoma of the lung. Thorax 35 (2): 101–105, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Vingerhoeds ACM, der Kinderen PJ, Thijssen JHH, Schwarz F: Detection of an ACTH-secreting bronchial carcinoid tumour 18 months after adrenalectomy for Cushing’s syndrome. Acta Endocrinol 67: 625–633, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Marks LJ, Berde B, Klein LA, Roth J, Goonan SR, Blumen D, Nabseth DC: Inappropriate vasopressin secretion and carcinoma of the pancreas. Am J Med 45: 967–974, 1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Lebacq E, Delaere J: Origine des substances antidiuretiques et explication de l’hypernatriurie dans le syndrome de Schwartz Bartter. Annales D’Endocrinologie 26: 375, 1965.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Vorherr H, Massry S, Utiger RD, Kleeman CR: Antidiuretic principle in malignant tumour extract from patients with inappropriate ADH syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 28: 162–168, 1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. De Troyer A, Demanet JC: Clinical, biochemical and pathogenic features of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormones. A review of 26 cases with marked hyponatraemia. Quart J Med 45: 180, 521–531, 1976.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Utiger RD: Inappropriate anti-diuresis and carcinoma of the lung. Detection of arginine vasopressin in tumour extracts by immunoassay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 26: 970–974, 1966.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Tisher CL: Correction of an ADH syndrome by resection of a bronchogenic carcinoma with demonstration of tumour antidiuretic activity. Clin Res 14: 185, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Linton AL, Hutton I: Hyponatremia and bronchial carcinoma. Therapy with nitrogen mustard. Br Med J 2: 277–278, 1965.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Bartter ST, Schwartz WB: The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Am J Med 42: 790–806, 1967.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Ellison EH, Wilson GD: The Zollinger Ellison syndrome: reappraisal and evaluation of 260 registered cases. Ann Surg 160: 512–530, 1964.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Hallenbeck: The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gastroenterol 54: 426–422, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Deveney CW, Deveney KS, Way LW: The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome — 23 years later. Ann Surg 188 (3): 384–393, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Polak JM, Stagg B, Pearse AGE: Two types of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: immunofluorescence, cytochemical and ultrastructural studies of the antral pancreatic gastrin cells in different clinical states. Gut 13: 501–512, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Fox PS, Hofmann JW, Wilson SD, De Coss JJ: Surgical management of the ZollingerEllison syndrome. Surg Clin North Am 54: 395–407, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Tomlinson S: Multiple endocrine adenomatosis and peptic ulcer. Proc R Soc Med 66: 445–446, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Hill CS, Ibanez NL, Samaan NA, Ahearn MJ, Clark RL: Medullary (solid) carcinoma of the thyroid gland: an analysis of the MD Anderson hospital experience with patients with the tumour, its special features and its histogenesis. Medicine 52: 141–171, 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Tashjian AH, Melvin KEW: Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: studies of thyrocalcitonin in plasma and tumour extracts. N Engl J Med 279: 279–283, 1968.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Tubiana M, Millhaud G, Courtris D, Lacour J, Parmentier C, Bok B: Medullary carcinoma and thyrocalcitonin. Br Med J 4: 87–89, 1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Block MA, Jackson CE, Tashjian AH: Management of occult medullary thyroid carcinoma evidenced only by serum calcitonin level elevations after apparently adequate neck operations. Arch Surg 113 (4): 368–372, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Wells SA, Baylin SB, Linehan WM, Farrell RE, Cocks EB, Cooper CW: Provocative agents and the diagnosis of medullary carcinoma of thyroid gland. Ann Surg 188 (2): 139–141, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Silva OL, Becher KL, Primack A, Doppman J, Snider RH: Ectopic secretion of calcitonin by oat-cell carcinoma. N Eng J Med 290: 1122–1124, 1974.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Milhaud G, Calmette C, Taboulet J, Julienne A, Moukhtar MS: Hypersecretion of calcitonin in neoplastic conditions. Lancet i: 462–463, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Coombes RC, Hillyard C, Greenberg PB, McIntyre I: Plasma immunoreactive clacitonin in patients with non-thyroid tumours. Lancet i: 1080–1083, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Mulder H, Hackeng WHL: Ectopic secretion of calcitonin. Acta Med Scand 204 (4): 253–256, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Schwartz KE, Wolfsen AR, Forster B, Odell WD: Calcitonin in non-thyroidal cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 49: 438–444, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Silva OL, Broder LE, Doppman JL, Snider RA, Moore CF, Cohen MH, Becker KL: Calcitonin as a marker for bronchogenic cancer. A prospective study. Cancer 44: 680–684, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Megyesi K, Kahn CR, Roth J, Gorden P: Circulating NSILA-s in man: preliminary studies of stimuli in vivo and binding to plasma components. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 41: 475–484, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Editorial: Diagnosis and treatment of insulin secreting tumours. Lancet i: 22–23, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Mengoli L, LeQuesne LP: Blind pancreatic resection for suspected insulinoma: a review of the problem. Br J Surg 54: 749–756, 1967.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Steiner H, Dahlback O, Waldenstarm J: Ectopic growth hormone production and osteoarthropathy in carcinoma of the bronchus. Lancet i: 783–785, 1968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Greenberg PB, Beck C, Martin TJ, Burger HG: Synthesis and release of human growth hormone from lung carcinoma in cell culture. Lancet i: 350–352, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Turkington RW: Ectopic production of prolactin. N Eng J Med 285: 1455–1458, 1971.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Rees LH, Bloomfield GA, Rees GM, Corin B, Franks LN, Ratcliffe JG: Multiple hormones in a bronchial tumour. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 38: 1090–1097, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Odell WD, Wolfsen AR: Humoral syndromes associated with cancer. Annu Rev Med 29: 379–406, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Rees LH, Ratcliffe JG: Ectopic hormone production by non-endocrine tumours. Clin Endocrinol 3: 263–299, 1974.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Hershmann JN, Higgins HP, Starnes WR: Differences between thyroid stimulator in hydatidifotmmole and human chorionic thyrotrophin. Metabolism 19: 735–740, 1970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Fusco FD, Rosen SW: Gonadotrophin producing anaplastic large-cell carcinoma of the lung. N Eng J Med 275: 507–515, 1966.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Grumbach NN, Kaplan S, Sciarra JJ, Burr IN: Chorionic growth hormone–prolactin (CGP): secretion, disposition, and biologic activity in man, and postulated function as the growth hormone of the second half of pregnancy. Ann NY Acad Sci 148: 501–531, 1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Weintraub BC, Rosen S: Ectopic production of human chorionic somatotrophin by nontrophoblastic cancers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 32: 94–101, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Blackman NR, Rosen SW, Weintraub BC: Ectopic hormones. Adv Intern Med 23: 85–113, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Mallinson CN, Bloom SR, Warin AD, Salmon PR, Cox B: A glucagonona syndrome. Lancet ii: 1–5, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Swenson KH, Amon RD, Hanifin JN: The glucagonoma syndrome a distinctive cutaneous marker of systemic disease. Arch Dermatol 114: 224–228, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Bloom SR, Polak JN: Gut hormones. Adv Clin Chem 21: 177–244, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Gleeson NH, Bloom SR, Polak JN, Henry K, Dowling RH: Endocrine tumour in kidney effecting small bowel structure and absorptive function. Gut 12: 773–782, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Bloom SR: An enteroglucagon tumour. Gut 13: 520–523, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Said S., Faloona GR: Elevated plasma and tissue levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the Watery-diarrhoea syndrome due to pancreatic, bronchogenic and other tumours. N Engl J Med 293: 155–160, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Larsson LI, Hirsch MA, Holst JJ, Ingemansson S, Kuhl C, Lindkaer Jensen S, Lundqvist G, Rehfeld JF, Schwartz TW: Pancreatic somatostatinoma clinical features and physiological implications. Lancet i: 666–668, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Ganda OP, Weir GC, Soeldner JS, Legg MA, Chick WL, Patel YC, Ebeid AM, Gabbay KH, Reichlin S: Somatostatinoma, a somatostatin containing tumour of the endocrine pancreas. N Eng J Med 296 (17): 963–967, 1977.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Graham-Smith DG: The carcinoid syndrome, pp 1721–1731. In: Endocrinology, vol. 3, DeGroot LJ, Gahil GF, Odell WD, Martini L, Potts JT Jr, Nelson DH, Steinberger E, Winegrad AI (eds). Grune and Streatton, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Ballard HS, Frame B, Hartsock RJ: Multiple endocrine adenoma and peptic ulcer complex. Medicine 43: 481–516, 1964.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Steiner AL, Goodman AD, Powers SR: Studies of a kindred with phaechromocytoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, hyperparathyroidism, and Cushing’s disease: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. Medicine 47: 371–409, 1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Khaki MR, Dexter RN, Burzynski NJ, Johnston CC: Mucosal neuroma, phaeochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma; multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3. Medicine 54: 89–112, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Farid NR, Buehler S, Russell NA, Maroun FB, Allerdice P, Smyth HS: Prolactinomas in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1, relationship to HLA and carcinoid tumours. Am J Med 69: 874–880, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. S. Tomlinson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Royal Hallamshire & Weston Park Hospitals, Sheffield, UK

    B. W. Hancock MD, DCH, MRCP (Senior Lecturer in Medicine, Honorary Consultant Physician) (Senior Lecturer in Medicine, Honorary Consultant Physician)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tomlinson, S. (1982). Hypercalcaemia and Endocrine Syndromes in Cancer. In: Hancock, B.W. (eds) Assessment of Tumour Response. Developments in Oncology, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7633-7_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7633-7_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-7635-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-7633-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation