Abstract
Compromised image quality due to abnormal chest wall configuration, small intercostal space, obesity, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the main limitation of conventional M-mode and two-dimensional echocar-diography. Even in patients with a normal “echo window” it is sometime difficult to visualize certain anatomical structures (e.g. interatrial septum or LV-apex) due to anatomical or physical reasons. Another limitation of transthoracic echocardiography is its application during dynamic exercise. Transducer instability due to heavy chest wall movement and lung tissue interference with the ultrasound beam during heavy inspiration are the main reasons why exercise echocardiography is only of limited importance in clinical cardiology compared with radionucleid techniques.
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Hanrath, P., Schlüter, M., Langenstein, B.A., Souquet, J., Polster, J., Kremer, P. (1983). Transesophageal (M-Mode and Two-Dimensional) Echocardiography. In: The Practice of M-Mode and Two-Dimensional Echocardiography. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 23. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6790-8_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6790-8_6
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