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Peritoneal Anatomy and Transport Physiology

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Book cover Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis

Abstract

The peritoneum is a living membrane that covers visceral organs, forms the visceral mesentery that connects loops of bowel, and reflects over the inner surface of the abdominal wall (1,2) (Figure 1). The peritoneum is continuous and forms a closed sack, which, because the space within contains only small amounts of fluid (probably less than 100 ml), usually is nearly collapsed. In an adult of normal size, the space can be enlarged by instillation of fluid; two or more liters of fluid can be accommodated without causing discomfort. The surface of the membrane is a shiny layer of mesothelial cells, beneath which lies supporting interstitium containing extracellular fluid, connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics. The visceral peritoneum is that part of the membrane that courses over the surface of visceral organs. As visceral peritoneum reflects from loops of bowel to form the visceral mesentery (connecting adjacent loops of bowel), the interstitium becomes interspersed between adjacent mesothelial layers. The parietal peritoneum is that portion of the membrane that covers the inner surface of the abdominal wall. The total surface area of the peritoneal mesothelium (parietal and visceral) is believed to approximate the surface area of skin (which, in most adults, is 1 to 2 m2) (3).

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Authors
  1. Karl D. Nolph
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine Queen Wilhelmina University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    William Drukker M.D. (Formerly Reader in Dialysis, Emeritus Director Department of Nephrology and Dialysis) (Formerly Reader in Dialysis, Emeritus Director Department of Nephrology and Dialysis)

  2. St. Lucas Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands

    William Drukker M.D. (Formerly Reader in Dialysis, Emeritus Director Department of Nephrology and Dialysis) (Formerly Reader in Dialysis, Emeritus Director Department of Nephrology and Dialysis)

  3. De Lairessestraat 75, 1071 NV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    William Drukker M.D. (Formerly Reader in Dialysis, Emeritus Director Department of Nephrology and Dialysis) (Formerly Reader in Dialysis, Emeritus Director Department of Nephrology and Dialysis)

  4. Renal Research Unit, Wellcome Wing, The General Infirmary at Leeds, LS1 3EX, Leeds, England

    Frank M. Parsons B.Sc., M.D., F.R.C.P. Ed. (Consultant Physician in Clinical Renal Physiology, Senior Clinical Lecturer in Medicine) (Consultant Physician in Clinical Renal Physiology, Senior Clinical Lecturer in Medicine)

  5. University of Leeds, England

    Frank M. Parsons B.Sc., M.D., F.R.C.P. Ed. (Consultant Physician in Clinical Renal Physiology, Senior Clinical Lecturer in Medicine) (Consultant Physician in Clinical Renal Physiology, Senior Clinical Lecturer in Medicine)

  6. Nephrology Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences School of Medicine, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA

    John F. Maher M.D. (Professor of Medicine, Director) (Professor of Medicine, Director)

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© 1983 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht

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Nolph, K.D. (1983). Peritoneal Anatomy and Transport Physiology. In: Drukker, W., Parsons, F.M., Maher, J.F. (eds) Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6768-7_22

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6768-7_22

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