Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Standards for acquisition, data analysis and interpretation of myocardial scintigraphy and blood pool scintigraphy

  • Chapter
Nuclear imaging in clinical cardiology

Part of the book series: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine ((DICM,volume 32))

Abstract

The perfect image is one that is indistinguishable from the original object under the same viewing conditions. Unfortunately, there is no nuclear medicine image that meets this criterion, and interpretation of cardiac scintigrams is hampered by the limited resolution of our imaging systems, compounded by the fact that unlike other organs the heart moves while being imaged. Nevertheless, with careful attention to technical detail and by employing rigorous standards for the three major facets of nuclear cardiology, namely, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, the very imperfect nuclear cardiology images can be of major clinical value. The requirements for these facets vary greatly, from the simple gamma camera equipped with a persistence oscilloscope and a polaroid camera for qualitative interpretation of analogue thallium scans, to highly sophisticated camera-computer systems for quantitative analysis of static or dynamic data.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Sapirstein LA: Regional blood flow by fractionational distribution of indicators. Am J Physiol 193: 161, 1958.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. L’Abbate A, Biagini A, Michelassi C, Maseri A: Myocardial kinetics of thallium and potassium in man. Circulation 60: 776, 1979.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Rigo P, Reiber HC, Dressler J: Stress thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. Review of methodological problems 2nd proposal for standardisation. Eur Heart J 1: 81, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Foster C, Pollock ML, Rod JL, Dymond DS, Wible G, Schmidt DH: Evaluation of functional capacity during exercise radionuclide angiography. Cardiology, in press 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  5. McLaughlin PR, Martin RP, Doherty P, Daspit S, Goris M, Haskell W, Lewis S, Kriss JP, Harrison DC: Reproducibility of thallium-201 myocardial imaging. Circulation 55: 497, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Weich HF, Strauss HW, Pitt B: The extraction of thallium-201 by the myocardium. Circulation 56: 188, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Albro PC, Gould KL, Westcott RJ, Hamilton GW, Ritchie JL, Williams DL: Noninvasive assessment of coronary stenoses by myocardial imaging during pharmacologic coronary vasodilatation. III. Clinical trial. Am J Cardiol 42: 751, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hamilton GW, Narahara KA, Trobaugh GB, Ritchie JL, Williams DL: Thallium-201 myocardial imaging: characterisation of the ECG-synchronised images. J Nucl Med 19: 1103, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Mueller TM, Marcus ML, Ehrhardt JC, Chaudhuri T, Abboud FM: Limitations of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigrams. Circulation 54: 640, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Schwartz JS, Ponto R, Carlyle P, Forstrom L, Cohn JN: Early redistribution of thallium-201 after temporary ischaemia. Circulation 57: 332, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Pohost GM, Zir LM, Moore RH, McKusick KA, Guiney TE, Beller GA: Differentiation of transiently ischaemic from infarcted myocardium by serial imaging after a single dose of thallium-201. Circulation 55: 294, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Blood DK, McCarthy DM, Sciacca RR, Cannon PJ: Comparison of single-dose and double-dose thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy for the detection of coronary artery disease and prior myocardial infarction. Circulation 58: 777, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Rigo P, Bailey IK, Griffith LSC, Pitt B, Burow RD, Wagner HJ, Becker LC: Value and limitations of segmental analysis of stress thallium myocardial imaging for localisation of coronary artery disease. Circulation 61: 973, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. McKillop JH, Murray RG, Turner JG, Bessent RG, Lorimer AR, Greig WR: Can the extent of coronary artery disease be predicted from thallium-201 myocardial images? J Nucl Med 20: 715, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kushner FG, Okada RD, Kirshenbaum HD, Boucher CA, Strauss HW, Pohost GM: Lung thallium-201 uptake after stress testing in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 63: 341, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Goris ML, Daspit SG, McLaughlin P, Kriss JP: Interpolative background subtraction. J Nucl Med 17: 744, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Watson DD, Campbell NP, Read EK, Gibson RS, Teates CD, Beller GA: Spatial and temporal quantitation of plane thallium myocardial images. J Nucl Med 22: 577, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Lenaers A, Block P, van Thiel E, Lebedelle M, Becquevort P, Erbsmann F, Ermans AM: Segmental analysis of Tl-201 stress myocardial scintigraphy. J Nucl Med 18: 509, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wainwright RJ, Brennand-Roper DA, Maisey MN, Sowton E: Exercise thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy in the follow-up of aortocoronary bypass graft surgery. Br Heart J 43: 56, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Murray RG, McKillop JH, Bessent RG, Turner JG, Lorimer AR, Hutton IH, Greig WR, Lawrie TDV: Evaluation of thallium-201 exercise scintigraphy in coronary heart disease. Br Heart J 41: 568, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Faris JV, Burt RW, Graham MC, Knoebel SB: Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy: improved sensitivity, specificity and predictive accuracy by application of a statistical image analysis algorithm. Am J Cardiol 49: 733, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ritchie JL, Williams DL, Caldwell JH, Stratton JR, Harp GD, Vogel RA, Hamilton GW: Sevenpinhole emission tomography with thallium-201 in patients with prior myocardial infarction. J Nucl Med 22: 107, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Okada RA, Boucher CA, Kirshenbaum HK, Kushner FG, Strauss HW, Block PC, McKusick KA, Pohost GM: Improved diagnostic accuracy of thallium-201 stress test using multiple observers and criteria derived from interobserver analysis of variance. Am J Cardiol 46: 619, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Diamond GA, Forrester JS: Analysis of probability as an aid in the clinical diagnosis of coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 300: 1350, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Prinzmetal M, Corday E, Bergman HC, Schwartz L, Spritzler RJ: Radiocardiography: a new method for studying the blood flow through the chambers of the heart in human beings. Science 108: 340, 1948.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Jones RH, Sabiston DC, Bates BB, Morris JJ, Anderson PAW, Goodrich JK: Quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography for determination of chamber to chamber cardiac transit times. Am J Cardiol 30: 855, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Dymond DS, Elliott AT, Flatman W, Stone D, Bett R, Cuninghame G, Sims H: Clinical validation of gold-195m: a new short half-life radiopharmaceutical for rapid, sequential, first pass angiocardiography in man. J Am Coll Cardiol, in press, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Dymond DS, Elliott AT, Stone D, Hendrix G, Spurrell RAJ: Factors that affect the reproducibility of measurements of left ventricular function from first pass radionuclide angiograms. Circulation 65: 311, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Flatman WD, Dymond DS, Dyke L, O’Keefe J, Short MD: A performance assessment of a mobile digital gamma camera with particular emphasis on its high count-rate performance. Nuc Med Comm, in press, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Lieberman DE: Acquisition of nuclear medicine data. In: Computer methods, the fundamentals of digital nuclear medicine. St. Louis, Mosby CV, 1977, pp 41’57.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Marshall RC, Berger HJ, Costin JC, Freedman GS, Wolberg J, Cohen LS, Gottschalk A, Zaret BL: Assessment of cardiac performance with quantitative radionuclide angiography. Circulation 56: 820, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Dymond DS, Halama J, Schmidt DH: Right anterior oblique first-pass radionuclide angiography ejection fractions: effects of temporal smoothing and of various background corrections. J Nucl Med 23: 1, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Schelbert HR, Verba JW, Johnston AD, Brock GW, Alazraki NP, Rose FJ, Ashburn WL: Nontraumatic determination of left ventricular ejection fraction by radionuclide angiocardiography. Circulation 51: 902, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Van Dyke D, Anger HO, Sullivan RW, Vetter WR, Yano Y, Parker HG: Cardiac evaluation from radioisotope dynamics. J Nucl Med 13: 585, 1972.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Knapp WH, Dymond DS, Malfanti PL, Ogris E, Pachinger O, Sochor H, Vyska K, Walton S: Radionuclide methods for the evaluation of ventricular function. Eur Heart J 2: 97, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Konstam MA, Tu’meh S, Wynne J, Beck JB, Kozlowski J, Holman BL: Effect of exercise on erythrocyte count and blood activity concentration after technetium-99m in vivo red blood cell labelling. Circulation 66: 638, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Burow RD, Strauss HW, Singleton R, Pond M, Rehn T, Bailey IK, Griffith LC, Nickoloff E, Pitt B: Analysis of left ventricular function from multiple gated acquisition cardiac blood pool imaging. Circulation 56: 1024, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Bacharach SL, Green MV, Borer JS, Douglas MA, Ostrow HG, Johnston GS: A real-time system for multi-image gated cardiac studies. J Nucl Med 18: 79, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Maddahi J, Berman DS, Matsuoka DT, Waxman AD, Stankus KE, Forrester JS, Swan HJC: A new technique for assessing right ventricular ejection fraction using rapid multiple-gated equilibrium cardiac blood pool scintigraphy. Circulation 60: 581,1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Wackers FJTh, Berger HJ, Johnstone DE, Goldman L, Reduto LA, Langou RA, Gottschalk A, Zaret BL: Multiple gated cardiac blood pool imaging for left ventricular ejection fraction: validation of the technique and assessment of variability. Am J Cardiol 43: 1159, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Cohn PF, Levine JA, Bergerson GA, Gorlin R: Reproducibility of the angiographic left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 88: 713, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Adam WE, Tarkowska A, Bitter F, Stauch M, Geffers H: Equilibrium (gated) radionuclide ventriculography. In: Cardiac Nuclear Medicine. Holman BL, Abrams HL, Zeitler E. (eds) Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1979, pp 21–33.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Slutsky R, Karliner J, Ricci D, Kaiser R, Pfisterer M, Gordon D, Peterson K, Ashburn W: Left ventricular volumes by gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography: a new method. Circulation 60: 556, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Massie BM, Kramer BL, Gertz EW, Henderson SG: Radionuclide measurement of left ventricular volume: comparison of geometric and count-based methods. Circulation 65: 725, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Foster C, Dymond DS, Anholm JD, Pollock ML, Schmidt DH: Effect of exercise protocol on the left ventricular response to exercise. Am J Cardiol 51: 859, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Brady TJ, Thrall JH, Lo K, Pitt B: The importance of adequate exercise in the detection of coronary heart disease by radionuclide ventriculography. J Nucl Med 21: 1125, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Battler A, Ross J, Slutsky R, Pfisterer M, Ashburn W, Froelicher V: Improvement of exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction with oral propranolol in patients with coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 44: 318, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Gibbons RJ, Lee KL, Cobb F, Jones RH: Ejection fraction response to exercise in patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms. Circulation 64: 952, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Slutsky R, Karliner J, Gerber K, Battler A, Froelicher V, Gregoratos G, Peterson K, Ashburn W: Peak systolic blood pressure/end systolic volume ratio: assessment at rest and during exercise in normal subjects and patients with coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 46: 813, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Wynne J, Holman BL, Mudge GH, Borow KM: Clinical utility of cold pressor radionuclide ventriculography in coronary artery disease (abstr). Am J Cardiol 47: 444, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Verani MS, Zacca NM, DeBauche TL, Miller RR, Chahine RA: Comparison of cold pressor and exercise radionuclide angiocardiography in coronary artery disease. J Nucl Med 23: 770, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Bodenheimer MM, Banka VS, Fooshee CM, Gillespie JA, Heifant RH: Detection of coronary heart disease using radionuclide determined regional ejection fraction at rest and during handgrip exercise: correlation with coronary arteriography. Circulation 58: 640, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Berger HJ, Reduto LA, Johnstone DE, Borkowski H, Sands M, Cohen LS, Langou RA, Gottschalk A, Zaret BL: Global and regional left ventricular response to bicycle exercise in coronary artery disease: assessment by quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography. Am J Med 66: 13, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Stone DL, Dymond DS, Elliott AT, Britton KE, Banim SO, Spurrell RAJ: Exercise first pass radionuclide ventriculography detection of patients with coronary artery disease. Br Heart J 44: 208, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Gutman J, Rozanski A, Garcia E, Maddahi J, Miyamoto A, Berman D: Complementary roles of scintigraphic and angiographic techniques in assessment of the extent of coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 104: 653, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Leong K, Jones RH: Influence of the location of left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis on left ventricular function during exercise. Circulation 65: 109, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Duncan S. Dymond
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Thoraxcenter Academic Hospital Dijkzigt, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    M. L. Simoons MD  & J. H. C. Reiber PhD  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dymond, D.S. (1984). Standards for acquisition, data analysis and interpretation of myocardial scintigraphy and blood pool scintigraphy. In: Simoons, M.L., Reiber, J.H.C. (eds) Nuclear imaging in clinical cardiology. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 32. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6744-1_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6744-1_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-6746-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-6744-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation