Abstract
Air pollution sources such as oil platforms and ships are sometimes located near coastlines where the plumes can impact population centers. Models of overwater dispersion must account for the stability of the overwater boundary layer. An overwater dispersion model based on the standard Gaussian formula is described which uses measurements of the air-sea temperature difference, the wind speed, and the mixing depth to predict concentration patterns at the coastline. Internal boundary layers and complex terrain at the coastline are accounted for. This new model is evaluated using the results of three tracer experiments in United States coastal zones.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Briggs, G.A.: 1969, Plume Rise. USAEC Critical Review Series, TID-25075, Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information.
Briggs, G.A.: 1973, ‘Diffusion Estimates for Small Emissions’, ATDL Cont. 79, ATDL, P.O. Box E, Oak Ridge, TN.
Briggs, G.A.: 1975, ‘Plume Rise Predictions’, Lectures on Air Pollution and Environmental Impact Analyses, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp 59–111.
Businger, J.A.: 1973, ‘Turbulence Transfer in the Atmospheric Surface Layer’, Workshop 1n Micrometeorology. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 67–100.
Caughey, S.J.: 1982, ‘Observed Characteristics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer’. Atmospheric Turbulence and Air Pollution Modeling. F.T.M. Nieuwstadt and H. Van Dop (eds.) Reidel Dordecht, Holland.
Deardorff, J.W. and G.E. Willis: 1982, ‘Ground Level Concentrations Due to Fumigation into an Entraining Mixing Layer; Atmos.Environ., 16, 1159–1170.
Fox, D.G.: 1981, ‘Judging A1r Quality Model Performance: A Summary of the AMS Workshop on Dispersion Model Performance; Bull. Am.Meteorol. Soc., 62, 599–609.
Gifford, F.A.: 1968, ‘An Outline of Theories of Diffusion in the Lower Layers of the Atmosphere; In: Meteorology and Atomic Energy - 1968. D.H. Slade (ed.). USAEC Report TID-24190, pp 66–116.
Golder, D: 1972, ‘Relations Among Stability Parameters 1n the Surface Layer’, Bound. Lav. Meteorol. 3, 47–58.
Hanna, S.R.: 1983, ‘A Simplified Scoring Scheme for Air Quality Models; Paper 83–36.6 at Annual A1r Pollution Control Association Meeting, available from APCA, Pittsburgh.
Hanna, S.R., G.A. Briggs, J. Deardorff, B.A. Egan, F.A. Gifford, and F. Pasquill: 1977, ‘AMS Workshop on Stability Classification Schemes and Sigma Curves’, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 58, 1305–1309.
Hanna, S.R., R.J. Paine and L.L. Schulman: 1984, ‘Users Guide to the Offshore and Coastal Dispersion (OCO) Model; prepared for the U.S. Department of the Interior by ERT, Inc., 696 Virginia Rd., Concord, MA.
Heffter, J.L.: 1965, ‘The Variation of Horizontal Diffusion Parameters with Time for Travel Periods of One Hour or Longer; J. Appl.Meteorol. 4, 153–156.
Holland, J.Z.: 1981, ‘Contributions of GARP to our Knowledge of Tropical Atmospheric Phenomena’, AAAS Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada, 8 January.
Hosker, R.P.: 1974, ‘A Comparison of Estimation Procedures for Overwater Plume Dispersion’, Proceedings of the Symposium on Atmospheric Diffusion and Air Pollution. American Meteorological Society, 281–288.
Hsu, S.A.: 1979, ‘An Operational Forecasting Model for the Variation of Mean Maximum Mixing Heights across the Coastal Zone’, Bound.Lay. Meteorol., 16, 93–98.
Jackson, N.A.: 1976, ‘The Propagation of Modified Flow Downstream of a Change in Roughness’, Q.J. Roy. Met. Soc., 102. 924.
Kondo, J.: 1975, ‘Air-Sea Bulk Transfer Conditions 1n Diabatic Conditions’, Bound. Lav. Meteorol., 9, 91–112.
Lenschow, D.H., J.C. Wyngaard, and W.T. Pennell: 1980, ‘Mean Field and Second-Moment Budgets in a Baroclinic, Convective Boundary Layer’, J. Atmos. Sci.37: 1313–1326.
Lyons, W.A.: 1975, ‘Turbulent Diffusion and Pollutant Transport in Shoreline Environments’, Lectures on Air Poll, and Environ.Impact Analyses. American Meteorological Society, 136–208.
Nieuwstadt, F.T.M.: 1977, ‘The Dispersion of Pollutants over a Water Surface”, Eight Int. Tech. Meeting on Air Poll. Modeling and its Applic. NATO/CCMS Doc. No. 80, 337–359.
Panofsky, H.A. and G.W. Brier: 1963, ‘Some Applications of Statistics to Meteorology’. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA, 224 pp.
Panofsky, H.A., H. Tennekes, D.H. Lenschow and J.C. Wyngaard: 1977, ‘The Characteristics of Turbulent Velocity Components in the Surface Layer under Convective Conditions; Bound. Lay. Meteorol., 11. 355–361.
Raynor et al.: 1979, ‘Formation and Characteristics of Coastal Internal Boundary Layers During Onshore Flow’, Bound. Lav.Meteorol., 16, 487–514.
Schacher, G.E., K.L. Davidson and C.W. Fairall: 1982, ‘Atmospheric Marine Boundary Layer Convective Mixing Velocities in the California Coastal Region’, Atmos. Environ., 16. 1183–1192.
Schulman, L.L. and J.S. Scire: 1980, ‘Development of an Air Quality Dispersion Model for Aluminum Reduction Plants’, Document P07304A. Environmental Research & Technology, Inc., Concord, MA.
Strimaitis, D.G., A. Venkatram and T.F. Lavery: 1983, ‘A Model to Estimate Concentrations during Plume Impingement’, Preprints.Sixth Symposium on Turbulence and Diffusion. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 28–31.
Turner, D. 1969, Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates. Office of Air Programs Publication No. AP-26. ILS. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Zilitinkevich, S.S.: 1975, ‘Resistance Laws and Prediction Equations for the Depth of the Planetary Boundary Layer’, J. Atmos. Sci. 32, 741–752.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hanna, S.R., Paine, R.J., Schulman, L.L. (1984). Overwater Dispersion in Coastal Regions. In: Kaplan, H., Dinar, N. (eds) Boundary Layer Structure. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6514-0_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6514-0_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-6516-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-6514-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive