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Inorganic, Porous Membranes. Preparation, Structure and Potential Applications

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Ceramics in Advanced Energy Technologies

Synopsis

In this paper a survey is given about possibilities for gas and liquid separation using ceramic membranes.

Some application fields connected with energy saving or production are indicated below.

Hydrogen, obtained from water or hydrogen sulfide decomposition, or from coal-gasification plants, has to be separated from other gases at high temperatures.

Oxygen-enrichment of air is very useful in medical applications and combustion processes. The exhaust gases of coal gasification and power plants should be purified from sulfurdioxide in order to prevent air polution. Also phenolic compounds in waste water have to be removed.

Except for hydrogen separation, interaction between pore surface of the membrane and molecules leading to surface diffusion, is necessary to obtain reasonable separation factors. This interaction phenomenon has to be investigated because data are required for adsorption and diffusion of gases and liquids along the pore surface on different porous materials with very small pore sizes. Research of this type can lead to (partial) separation of e.g. CH4 from CO and/or lower hydrocarbons, of NO from air, Ar from NH3 etc.

Separation problems, connected with the above mentioned applications, can be solved in principle with inorganic, porous membranes having uniform pore diameters smaller than 5 to 10 nm.

These types of microstructures are realized in Vycor-type glass membranes and in ceramic membranes produced by a sol/gel process as described in this paper.

Ceramic membranes are especially useful in cases where it is advantageous to perform the separation process at relatively high temperatures and/or aggressive circumstances (corrosion, erosion). Further research is needed in order to decrease the pore diameter to below 4 nm, to decrease the membrane thickness to 1µm or lower and to modify the pore surface characteristics.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Science, Twente University of Technology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands

    K. Keizer, A. F. M. Leenaars & A. J. Burggraaf

Authors
  1. K. Keizer
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  2. A. F. M. Leenaars
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  3. A. J. Burggraaf
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. JRC Petten Establishment, CEC, Petten, The Netherlands

    H. Kröckel , M. Merz  & O. Van Der Biest ,  & 

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© 1984 ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels and Luzembourg

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Keizer, K., Leenaars, A.F.M., Burggraaf, A.J. (1984). Inorganic, Porous Membranes. Preparation, Structure and Potential Applications. In: Kröckel, H., Merz, M., Van Der Biest, O. (eds) Ceramics in Advanced Energy Technologies. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6424-2_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6424-2_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-6426-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-6424-2

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