Abstract
The composition of the atmosphere at ground level is relatively well known due to numerous measurements of the concentration and variability of many of the important gases. The local surface sources of atmospheric species include photochemical processes, biological and microbiological activity, volcanic eruptions, and human activities. Some of the species emitted in the troposphere are also destroyed at the surface by biological, chemical and physical processes. Others are transported upward, eventually reaching the stratosphere, where they undergo chemical transformations. For most constituents, natural sources are larger than those of anthropogenic origin. However, for CO2 and some halocarbons, industrial production is not negligible compared to natural production.
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Brasseur, G., Solomon, S. (1984). Composition and Chemistry. In: Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere. Atmospheric Sciences Library. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6401-3_5
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