Abstract
Although this chapter is concerned mainly with the use of drugs in the symptomatic treatment of angina pectoris, it is important to examine other forms of therapy at the onset, in particular coronary artery surgery, in order to select the appropriate therapy for the individual patient.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Frankl, W.S. and Brest, A.N. (1983). What is optimal drug therapy in angina pectoris?Cardiovasc. Clin,13, 209–20
Gordon, T., Kannel, W.B., McGee, D. and Dawber, T.R. (1974). Death and coronary attacks in men after giving up cigarette smoking: a report from the Framingham Study.Lancet,2, 1345–8
Vokonas, P.S., Cohn, P.F., Klein, M.D., Laver, M.B. and Gorlin, R. (1974). Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen in the anginal syndrome with normal coronary arteriograms.J. Clin. Invest,54, 409–15
Miettinen, M., Turpeinen, O., Karvonen, M.J., Elosuo, R. and Paavilainen, E. (1972). Effect of cholesterol-lowering diet on mortality from coronary heart- disease and other causes. A twelve-year clinical trial in men and women.Lancet,2, 835–8
Committee of Principal Investigators (1978). A co-operative trial in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease using clofibrate.Br. Med. J,40, 1069–1118
Clausen, J.P. and Trap-Jensen, J. (1976). Heart rate and arterial blood pressure during exercise in patients with angina pectoris. Effects of training and of nitroglycerin.Circulation,53, 436–42
Williams, D.O. (1981). Effects of antianginal agents on the coronary circulation.Am. Heart J,101, 473–9
Hoffman, J.I.E. and Buckberg, G.D. (1979). Transmural variations in myocardial perfusion. In Yu, P.N. and Goodwin, J.F. (eds)Progress in Cardiology. ( Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger )
Rubio, R. and Berne, R.M. (1975). Regulation of coronary blood flow.Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis,18, 105–22
Prinzmetal, M., Kennamer, R., Merliss, R., Wada, T. and Bor, N. (1959). Angina pectoris. I. A variant form of angina pectoris: preliminary report.Am. J. Med,27, 375–88
Sonnenblick, E.H., Ross, J. Jr and Braunwald, E. (1968). Oxygen consumption of the heart: newer concepts of its multifactorial determination.Am. J. Cardiol,22, 328–36
Sonnenblick, E.H. and Skelton, C.L. (1971). Myocardial energetics: basic principles and clinical implications.N. Engl. J. Med,285, 668–75
Frishman, W.H., Weksler, B., Christodoulon, P., Smithen, C. and Killup, T. (1974). Reversal of abnormal platelet aggregability and change in exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris following oral propranolol.Circulation,50, 887–96
Nayler, W.A. (1981). Protection of the ischaemic heart.Res. Clin. Forums,3, 59–71
MacClean, D. and Feely, J. (1983). Calcium antagonists, nitrates, and new antianginal drugs.Br. Med. J,286, 1127–30
The Norwegian Multicentre Study Group (1981). Timolol induced reduction in mortality and reinfarction in patients surviving myocardial infarction.N. Engl. J. Med,304, 801–7
Beta Blocker Heart Attack Study Group (1981). The beta-blocker heart attack trial.J. Am. Med. Assoc,246, 2073–4
Hansteen, V., Moinichen, E., Lorentsen, E., Anderson, A., Strom, O., Soiland, K., Dyrbekk, D., Refsum, A.-M., Tromsdal, A., Knudsen, K., Eika, C. and Bakken, J. Jr (1982). One year’ s treatment with propranolol after myocardial infarction: preliminary report of Norwegian Multicentre Trial.Br. Med. J,184, 155–60
Fox, K.M., Chopra, M.P., Portal, R.W. and Aber, C.P. (1975). Long term beta blockade: possible protection from myocardial infarction.Br. Med. J,1, 117–19
Brunton, T.L. (1867). On the use of nitrate of amyl in angina pectoris.Lancet,2, 97–9
Murrell, W. (1879). Nitroglycerin as a remedy for angina pectoris.Lancet,1, 113–15
22.Axelsson, K.L., Wikberg, J.E.S. and Andersson, R.G.G. (1979). Relationship between nitroglycerin, cyclic GMP and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.Life Sci,24, 1779–86
Morcillio, F., Reid, P.R., Dubin, N., Chodgoonkar, R. and Pitt, B. (1980). Myocardial prostaglandin E release by nitroglycerin and modification by indomethacin.Am. J. Cardiol,45, 53–7
Anderson, G.H. Jr, Hueber, P., Sterling, C., Twan, E. and Schroeder, E.T. (1980). Effect of nitroglycerin on prostacyclin production in rat aorta.Circulation,62, ( Suppl. Ill ), 326. No. 1257
Cohn, P.F. and Gorlin, R. (1974). Physiologic and clinical actions of nitroglycerin.Med. Clin. N. Am,58, 407–15
Burggraf, G.W. and Parker, J.O. (1974). Left ventricular volume changes after amyl nitrate and nitroglycerin in man as measured by ultrasound.Circulation,49, 136–43
Mason, D.T. and Braunwald, E. (1965). The effects of nitroglycerin and amyl nitrate on arteriolar and venous tone in the human forearm.Circulation,32, 755–66
Battock, D.J., Alvarez, H. and Chidsey, C.A. (1969). Effects of propranolol and isosorbide dinitrate on exercise performance and adrenergic activity in patients with angina pectoris.Circulation,39, 157–69
Epstein, S.E. and Braunwald, E. (1968). Inhibition of the adrenergic nervous system in the treatment of angina pectoris.Med. Clin. N. Am,52, 1031–9
Cohen, M.V., Downey, J.M., Sonnenblick, E.H. and Kirk, E.S. (1973). The effects of nitroglycerin on coronary collaterals and myocardial contractility.J. Clin. Invest,52, 2836–47
Goldstein, R.E., Stinson, E.B., Scherer, J.L. Seningen, R.P., Grehl, T.M. and Epstein, S.E. (1974). Intraoperative coronary collateral function in patients with coronary occlusive disease. Nitroglycerin responsiveness and angiographic correlations.Circulation,49, 298–308
Moir, T.W. (1972). Subendocardial distribution of coronary blood flow and the effect of antianginal drugs.Circ. Res,30, 621–7
Forman, R., Kirk, E.S., Downey, J.M. and Sonnenblick, E.H. (1973). Nitroglycerin and heterogeneity of myocardial blood flow.J. Clin. Invest,52, 905–11
Gorlin, R., Brachfeld, N., MacLeod, C. and Bopp, P. (1959). Effect of nitroglycerin on the coronary circulation in patients with coronary artery disease or increased left ventricular work.Circulation,19, 705–18
Horwitz, L.D., Gorlin, R., Taylor, W.J. and Kemp, H.G. (1971). Effects of nitroglycerin on regional myocardial blood flow in coronary artery disease.J. Clin. Invest,50, 1578 - 84
Distante, A., Maseri, A., Severi, S., Biagini, A. and Chierchia, S. (1979). Management of vasospastic angina at rest with continuous infusion of isosorbide dinitrate.Am. J. Cardiol,44, 533–9
Sweatman, T., Strauss, G., Selzer, A. and Cohn, K.E. (1972). The long acting hemodynamic effects of isosorbide dinitrate.Am. J. Cardiol,29, 475–80
Goldstein, R.E., Rosing, D.R., Redwood, D.R., Beisser, G.D. and Epstein, S.E. (1971). Clinical and circulatory effects of isosorbide dinitrate: comparison with nitroglycerin.Circulation,43, 629–40
Needleman, P., Lang, S. and Johnson, E.M. Jr (1972). Organic nitrates: Relationship between biotransformation and rational angina pectoris therapy.J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther,181, 489–97
Winsor, T., Kaye, H. and Mills, B. (1972). Hemodynamic response of oral long-acting nitrates: Evidence of gastrointestinal absorption.Chest,62, 407–13
Franciosa, J. A., Mikulic, E., Cohn, J.N., Jose, E. and Fabie, A. (1974). Hemodynamic effects of orally administered isosorbide dinitrate in patients with congestive heart failure.Circulation,50, 1020–4
Williams, D.E., Bommer, W., Merwin, R., Morrison, S., Miller, R.R. and Mason, D.T. (1976). Prolonged effectiveness of oral vasodilator therapy in chronic congestive heart failure with isosorbide dinitrate.Am. J. Cardiol,37, 182
Schanzenbacher, P. (1983). Isosorbide mononitrate or dinitrate in coronary disease?Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr,108, 807–809
Abrams, J. (1982). New nitrate delivery systems: Buccal nitroglycerin.Am. Heart J,105, 848–54
Davis, J.A. and Wiesel, B.H. (1955). The treatment of angina pectoris with nitroglycerin ointment.Am. J. Med,21, 230–59
Reichek, N., Goldstein, R.E., Redwood, D.R. and Epstein, S.E. (1974). Sustained effects of nitroglycerin ointment in patients with angina pectoris.Circulation,50, 348–52
Hansen, M.S., Woods, S.L. and Willis, R.E. (1979). Relative effectiveness of nitroglycerin ointment according to the site of the application.Heart,8, 716–20
Roubin, G.S., Harris, P.J., Eckhardt, J., Hensley, W. and Kelly, D.T. (1982). Intravenous nitroglycerin in refractory unstable angina pectoris.Aust. NZ Med,12, 598–602
Day, L.J., Thibank, G.E. and Sowton, B. (1977). Acute coronary insufficiency. Review of 46 patients.Br. Heart J,39, 363–70
Mikolich, J.R., Nicoloff, N.B., Robinson, P.H. and Logue, R.B. (1980). Relief of refractory angina with continuous intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin.Chest,77, 375–9
Armstrong, P.W., Armstrong, J.A. and Marks, G.S. (1980). Pharmacokinetic- haemodynamic studies of intravenous nitroglycerin in congestive cardiac failure.Circulation,62, 160–6
McNiff, E.F., Yacobi, A., Young-Chang, F.M., Golden, L.H., Goldfarb, A. and Fung, H.L. (1981). Nitroglycerin pharmacokinetics after intravenous infusion in normal subjects.J. Pharm. Sci,70, 1054–8
Kaplan, K., Davison, R., Parker, M., Teagarden, R. and Lesch, M. (1981). Efficacy of intravenous nitroglycerin in the treatment of angina at rest unresponsive to standard nitrate therapy.Circulation,64, (Suppl. IV), iv–11
Flaherty, J.T. (1982). Intravenous nitroglycerin.Johns Hopk. Med.J,151, 36–40
Kaplan, K., Davison, R., Parker, M., Przybylek, J., Teagarden, J.R. and Lesch, M. (1983). Intravenous nitroglycerin for the treatment of angina at rest unresponsive to standard nitrate therapy.Am. J. Cardiol,51, 694–8
Baaske, D.M., Amanin, A.H., Wagenknecht, D.M., Mooers, M., Carter, J.E., Hoyt, H.J. and Stoll, R.G. (1980). Nitroglycerin compatibility with intravenous fluid filters, containers and administration sets.Am. J. Hosp. Pharm,37, 201–5
Needleman, P. and Johnson, E.M. (1973). Mechanism of tolerance development to organic nitrates.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther,184, 709–15
58.Pitt, W.A., Friedman, R.G., Gross, S.A., Glassman, J., Keating, E.C. and Mazure, J.H. (1982). Effect of intravenous nitroglycerin on haemodynamics of congestive heart failure.Angiology,33, 294–301
Elkayam, U. and Aronow, S.W. (1982). Glyceryl trinitrate ointment and isosorbide dinitrate: A review of their pharmacological properties and therapeutic use.Drugs,23, 165–94
Di Carlo, F.J. (1975). Nitroglycerin revisited: chemistry, biochemistry, interactions.Drug Metab. Rev,4 (i), 1–38
Dauwe, F., Affaki, G., Waters, D.D., Theroux, P. and Mizgala, H.F. (1979). Intravenous nitroglycerin in refractory unstable angina.Am. J. Cardiol,43, 416
Van Dusen, J. and Fischl, S.J. (1981). Inhibition of nitroglycerin effect in humans by suppression of prostaglandins.Am. J. Cardiol,47, 390
Frick, M.H. and Luurila, O. (1976). Double blind titrated dose comparison of metoprolol and propranolol in the treatment of angina pectoris.Ann. Clin. Res,8, 385–92
Becker, L.C., Fortuin, N.J. and Pitt, B. (1971). Effect of ischaemia and antianginal drugs on the distribution of radioactive microspheres in the canine left ventricle.Circulation,28, 263–9
Frick, M.H., Korhola, O. and Valle, M. (1978). Effect of beta-blockade by metoprolol on global and regional left ventricular myocardial perfusion in coronary heart disease.Eur. J. Cardiol,7, 317–25
Thadani, U., Davidson, C., Singleton, W. and Taylor, S.H. (1979). Comparison of the immediate effects of five beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs with different ancillary properties in angina pectoris.N. Engl. J. Med,300, 750–5
Conolly, M.E., Kersting, F. and Dollery, C.T. (1976). The clinical pharmacology of beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs.Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis,19, 203–4
Kostis, J.B., Frishman, W., Hosier, M.H., Thorsen, N.L., Gonasum, L. and Weinstein, J. (1982). Treatment of angina pectoris with pindolol: the significance of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of beta blockers.Am. Heart J,104, 496–504
Clark, B.J. (1982). Beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents: Are pharmacologic differences relevant?Am. Heart J,104, 334 - 45
Louis, W.J., McNeil, J.J., Jarrott, B. and Drummer, O.H. (1983). Beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs: Current status and the significance of partial agonist activity.Am. J. Cardiol,52, 104A–107A
71.Kostis, J.B., De Felice, E.A., Frichman, W., Hosier, M.H., Krieger, S.K., Aglitz, N. and Kuo, P.T. (1981). Clinical relevance of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of beta blockers used in angina.Angiology,32, 780–7
Wilhelmsson, C. and Vedin, A. (1983). Beta blockers in ischaemic heart disease.Am. J. Cardiol,52, 108A–112A
Pine, M., Favrot, L., Smith, S., McDonald, K. and Chidsey, C.A. (1975). Correlation of plasma propranolol concentration with therapeutic response in patients with angina pectoris.Circulation,52, 886–93
George, C.F., Fenyvesi, T. and Dollery, C.T. (1973). Pharmacological effects of propranolol in relation to plasma levels. In Davies, D.S. and Prichard, B.N. (eds)Biological Effects of Drugs in Relation to their Plasma Concentration, p. 123. ( London: Macmillan )
Jackson, G., Atkinson, L. and Oram, S. (1975). Reassessment of failed beta blocker treatment in angina pectoris by peak-exercise heart rate measurements.Br. Med. J,3, 616–18
Oates, J.A., Conolly, M.E., Prichard, B.N.C., Shand, D.G. and Schapel, G. (1977). The clinical pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs. In Gross, F. (ed.)Antihypertensive Agents. ( Berlin: Springer )
Alderman, E.L., Coltart, J., Wettach, G.E. and Harrison, D.C. (1974). Coronary artery syndromes after sudden propranolol withdrawal.Ann. Intern. Med,81, 625–7
Miller, R.R., Olsen, H.G., Amsterdam, E.A. and Mason, D.T. (1975). Propran¬olol withdrawal rebound phenomenon.N. Engl. J. Med,293, 416–18
Golding, L.A.R., Loop, F.D., Sheldon, W.C., Taylor, P.C., Groves, L.K. and Cosgrove, D.M. (1978). Emergency revascularisation for unstable angina.Circulation,58, 1163–6
National Co-operative Study Group to compare surgical and medical therapy. Unstable angina pectoris (1978) II. In hospital experience and initial follow up results in patients with one, two and three vessel disease.Am. J. Cardiol,42, 839–48
Maseri, A., L’ Abbate, A., Baroldi, G., Chierchia, S., Marzilli, M., Ballestra, A.M., Severi, S., Parodi, O., Biagini, A., Distante, A. and Pesola, A. (1978). Coronary vasospasm as a possible cause of myocardial infarction. A conclusion derived from the study of pre-infarction angina.N. Engl. J. Med,299, 1271–7
Yasue, H., Touyama, M., Shimamoto, M., Kato, H., Tanaka, S. and Akiyama, F. (1974). Role of the autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis of Prinzmetal’ s variant form of angina.Circulation,50, 534–9
Goldberg, S., Reicheck, N., Wilson, J., Hirshfield, J.W. Jr, Muller, J. and Kastor, J. A. (1979). Nifedipine in the treatment of Prinzmetal’ s (variant) angina.Am. J. Cardiol,44, 804 - 810
Rodger, C. and Stewart, A. (1978). Side effects of nifedipine.Br. Med. J,1, 1611–20
Jariwalla, A.G. and Anderson, E.G. (1978). Production of ischaemic cardiac pain by nifedipine.Br. Med. J,1, 1181 - 2
Debaiseux, J.C., Theroux, P., Waters, D.D. and Mazgala, H.F. (1980). Haemodynamic effects of a single oral dose of nifedipine following acute myocardial infarction.Chest,78, 574–9
Theroux, P., Waters, D.D., Debaiseux, J.C., Szlacheie, J., Mizgala, H.F. and Bourassa, M.G. (1980). Hemodynamic effects of calcium ion antagonists after an acute myocardial infarction.Clin. Invest. Med,3, 81–5
Morledge, J. (1973). Effects of perhexiline maleate in angina pectoris: double blind clinical evaluation with ECG treadmill exercise testing.Postgrad. Med. J,49, 64–7
Hudak, W.J., Lewis, R.E., Lucas, R.W. and Kuhn, W.L. (1973). Review of the cardiovascular pharmacology of perhexilene.Postgrad. Med. J., Suppl 16, 16–25
Opie, L.H. (1980) Drugs and the heart. III. Calcium antagonists.Lancet,1, 806 - 9
Neumann, M. and Luisada, A. A. (1966). Double-blind evaluation of orally ad-ministered iproveratil in patients with angina pectoris.Am. J. Med. Sci,251, 552–6
Pine, M.B., Citron, P.D., Bailly, D.J., Butman, S., Plasencia, G.D., Landa, D.W. and Wong, R.K. (1982). Verapamil versus placebo in relieving stable angina pectoris.Circulation,65, 17–22
Sandler, G., Clayton, G.A. and Thornicroft, S.C. (1968). Clinical evaluation of verapamil in angina pectoris.Br. Med. J,3, 224–7
Aritman, K. and Ryden, L. (1982). Comparison of metoprolol and verapamil in the treatment of angina pectoris.Am. J. Cardiol,49, 821–7
De Ponti, C., Mauri, F., Gilberto, G.R. and Caru, B. (1979). Comparative effects of nifedipine, verapamil, isosorbide dinitrate and propranolol on exercise-induced angina pectoris.Eur. J. Cardiol,10, 47–58
96.Frishman, W.H., Klein, N.A., Strom, J. A., Willems, H., Lejeintel, Th., Pollack, S., Doyle, R., Kirsten, E. and Sonnenblick, E.H. (1982). Superiority of verapamil to propranolol in stable angina pectoris. A double-blind randomised crossover trial.Circulation,65, (Suppl. 1), 51–9
Subramanian, V.B., Lahiri, A., Bowles, M.J., Davies, A.B. and Raftery, E.B. (1981). Long term antianginal action of verapamil assessed by quantitated serial treadmill exercise test.Am. J. Cardiol,48, 529 - 35
Subramanian, V.B., Bowles, M.J., Davies, A.B. and Raftery, E.B. (1981). Combined therapy with verapamil and propranolol in chronic stable angina.Am. J. Cardiol,49, 125–32
Dunschede, H.B. and Grundie, P. (1975). Ergebnisse einer Feldprufung des ko- ronartherapeutikums Adalat.Med. Welt,26, 1847–50
Folle, L.E., Ortiz, A., Artucio, R. and Dighiero, J. (1976). Efficacy of adalat in angina pectoris patients in controlled clinical trial compared with placebo. In Iatene A.D. and Lichtlen, P. (eds.)New Therapy of Ischaemic Heart Disease, pp. 200–6. ( Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica )
Moskowitz, R.M., Piccina, P.A., Nacarelli, G.V. and Zelis, R. (1979). Nifedipine therapy for stable angina pectoris: Preliminary results of effects on angina frequency and treadmill exercise response.Am. J. Cardiol,44, 811–16
Mueller, H.S. and Chanine, R.A. (1981). Interim report of multicenter double- blind placebo controlled studies of nifedipine in chronic stable angina.Am. J. Med,71, 645–57
Ekelund, L.G. and Oro, L. (1979). Antianginal efficacy of nifedipine with and without a beta blocker, studied with exercise test. A double blind randomised sub-acute study.Clin. Cardiol,2, 203–11
Dargie, H.J., Lynch, P.G., Krikler, D.M., Harris, L. and Krikler, S. (1981). Nifedipine and propranolol. A beneficial drug interaction.Am. J. Med,71, 676–82
Pool, P.E. and Seagren, S.C. (1982). Long term efficacy of diltiazem in chronic stable angina associated with atherosclerosis. Effect on treadmill exercise.Am. J. Cardiol,49, 573–7
Strauss, W.E., Mclntyre, K.M., Parisi, A.F. and Shapiro, W. (1982). Safety and efficacy of diltiazem hydrochloride for the treatment of stable angina pectoris. Report of a co-operative clinical trial.Am. J. Cardiol,49, 560–66
Subramanian, V.B., Bowles, M.J., Khurmi, N.S., Davies, A.B. and Raftery, A.B. (1982). Comparison of the antianginal efficacy of four calcium ion antagonists with propranolol. (Abstr.)Am. J. Cardiol,49, 929
Parodi, O., Maseri, A. and Simonetti, I. (1979). Management of unstable angina at rest by verapamil. A double-blind cross over study in coronary care unit.Br. Heart J,41, 167–74
Hugenholtz, P.G., Michels, H.R., Serruys, P.W. and Brower, R.W. (1981). Nifedipine in the treatment of unstable angina, coronary spasm and myocardial ischemia.Am. J. Cardiol,47, 163–73
110.André-Fouet, X., Viallet, M., Gayet, C., Thizy, J.F., Wilner, C. and Pont, M. (1981). Diltiazem versus propranolol. A randomised trial in unstable angina. (Abstr.)Circulation,64, ( Suppl. IV ), 293
Gerstenblith, G., Onyang, P., Achuff, S., Bulkley, B., Becker, L.C., Mellitus, E.D., Boughman, K.L., Weiss, J.L., Flaherty, J.T., Kallman, C.H., Llewellyn, M. and Weisfeldt, M.L. (1982). Nifedipine in unstable angina: A double-blind randomised trial.N. Engl. J. Med,306, 885–9
Johnson, S.M., Mauritson, D.R., Willerson, J.T., Hillis, L.D., Erck, B.J. and Brown, S.B. (1981). Comparison of verapamil and nifedipine in the treatment of variant angina pectoris. Preliminary observations in 10 patients.Am. J. Cardiol,47, 1295–1300
Previtali, M., Salerno, J.A., Tavazzi, L., Ray, M., Medici, A., Chimienti, M., Spechia, G. and Bobba, P. (1980). Treatment of angina at rest with nifedipine. A short-term controlled study.Am. J. Cardiol,45, 825–30
Tiefenbrunian, R.J., Sobel, B.E., Gowka, S., McKnight, R.C. and Ludbrook, P. A. (1981). Nifedipine blockade of ergonovine induced coronary arterial spasm: angiographic documentation.Am. J. Cardiol,48, 184–7
115.Severi, S., Davies, A., Maseri, A., Marzullo, P. and L’ Abbate, A. (1980). Long term prognosis of ‘variant’ angina with medical treatment.Am. J. Cardiol,46, 226–32
Kinura, E. and Kishida, H. (1981). Treatment of variant angina with drugs. A survey of 11 cardiology institutes in Japan.Circulation,63, 844–8
Waters, D.D., Theroux, P., Szlachcic, J. and Dauwe, F. (1981). Provocative testing with ergonovine to assess the efficacy of treatment with nifedipine, diltiazem and verapamil in variant angina.Am. J. Cardiol,48, 123–30
Yasue, H., Nagao, M., Omote, S., Takvzawa, A., Muva, K., and Tanaka, S. (1978). Coronary arterial spasm and Prinzmetal’ s variant form of angina induced by hyperventilation and tris buffer infusion.Circulation,58, 56–62
Pilcher, J., Chandrasekhar, K.P., Russell, R.J., Boyce, M.J., Pierce, T.H. and Ikram, H. (1973). Long term assessment of perhexiline maleate in angina pectoris.Postgrad. Med. J,49, Suppl. 3, 115–18
Weissberg, P.L. (1982). Therapeutic Progress — Review V. Treatment of angina.J. Clin. Hosp. Pharm,7, 145–53
Eichelbaum, M., Ende, M. and Remberg, G. (1979). The metabolism of 14C- verapamil in man.Drug Metab. Disp,7, 145–8
Ludbrook, P.A., Tiefenbrum, A.J., Reed, F.R. and Burton, E.S. (1982). Acute haemodynamic responses to sublingual nifedipine: dependence on left ventricular function.Circulation,65, 489–98
McAllister, R.G. (1982) Clinical pharmacology of slow channel blocking agents.Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis,25, 83–102
Sing, R.J., Esler, B. and McAllister, R.G. (1980). Intravenous verapamil for termination of re-entrant supraventricular tachycardias. Intracardiac studies cor¬related with plasma verapamil concentration.Ann. Intern. Med,93, 682–9
Dominic, J., McAllister, R.G., Kuo, C.S., Reddy, C.P. and Surawicz, B. (1979). Verapamil plasma levels and ventricular rate response in patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter.Clin. Pharmacol. Ther,26, 710–14
Hoster, F.A. (1975). Pharmacokinetics of nifedipine 14C in man. In Lochner, W., Braasch, W. and Kroneberg, G. (eds)Second International Adalat Symposium, pp. 124–7. ( New York: Springer )
Pederson, O.L., Christensen, N.J. and Ranisch, K.D. (1980). Comparison of acute effects of nifedipine in normotensive and hypertensive man.J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol,2, 357–66
Antman, E., Muller, J., Goldberg, S., MacAlpin, R., Rubenfire, M., Tabatznik, B., Liang, C.-S., Heupler, F. and Achuff, S. (1980). Nifedipine therapy for coronary-artery spasm. Experience in 127 patients.N. Engl. J. Med,302, 1269–73
Bertrand, M.E., Leblanche, J.M. and Tilmant, P.Y. (1981). Treatment of Prinz¬metal’ s variant angina. Role of medical treatment with nifedipine and surgical coronary revascularization combined with plexectomy.Am. J. Cardiol,47, 174–8
Shah, R.R., Oates, N.S., Idle, S.R., Smith, R.L. and Lockhart, J.D.F. (1982). Impaired oxidation of debrisoquine in patients with perhexiline neuropathy.Br. Med. J,284, 295–9
Krikler, D. (1974). Verapamil in cardiology.Eur. J. Cardiol,2, 3–10
Lang, R., Klein, H.O., Weiss, E., Libhaber, C. and Kaplinsky, E. (1980). Effect of verapamil on blood level and renal clearance of digoxin.Circulation,62 ( Suppl. II ), 83
Ebner, F. and Dunschede, H.B. (1976). Haemodynamic therapeutic mechanism of action and clinical findings of Adalat use based on world wide clinical trials. In Jatine, A.D. and Lichthen, P.R. (eds).3rd International Adalat Symposium, pp. 283–300. ( Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica )
Pitt, B., Elliot, E.C. and Gregg, D.E. (1967). Adrenergic receptor activity in the coronary arteries of the unanaesthetized dog.Circ. Res,21, 75–84
McRaven, D.R., Mark, A.L., Abboud, F.M. and Mayer, H.E. (1971). Responses of coronary vessels to adrenergic stimuli.J. Clin. Invest,50, 773–8
Kelley, K.O. and Feigel, E.O. (1978). Segmental alpha receptor mediated vasoconstriction in the canine coronary circulation.Clin. Res,43, 908–17
Yasue, H. (1980). Pathophysiology and treatment of coronary arterial spasm.Chest,78, 216–23
Levene, D.L. and Freeman, M.R. (1976). Alpha adrenoceptor mediated coronary arterial spasm.J. Am. Med. Assoc,236, 1018–22
Gould, L.A., Reddy, C.V.R. and Gomprecht, R.F. (1973). Oral phentolamine in angina pectoris.Jpn. Heart J,14, 393–7
Tzivoni, D., Keren, A., Benhorin, J., Gottlieb, S., Atlas, D. and Stern, S. (1982). Prazosin therapy for refractory variant angina.Am. Heart J,105, 262–6
141.Lubbe, W.F. and White, D.A. (1978). Labetalol in hypertensive patients with angina pectoris: beneficial effect of combined alpha and beta blockade.Clin. Sci. Mol. Med,55 (Suppl. 4), 283S–286S
Halprin, S., Frishman, W., Kirschner, M. and Strom, J. (1980). Clinical pharmacology of new beta adrenergic blocking drugs. Part II. Effect of oral labetalol in patients with both angina pectoris and hypertension: a preliminary experience.Am. Heart J,99, 388–96
Besterman, E.M.M. and Spencer, M. (1979). Open evaluation of labetalol in the treatment of angina pectoris occurring in hypertensive patients.Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol,8, 2055 - 95
Silke, B., Nelson, G.I.C., Ahija, R.C. and Taylor, S.H. (1982). Comparative haemodynamic dose response effects of propranolol and labetalol in coronary heart disease.Br. Heart J,48, 364–71
Frishman, W.H., Strom, J.A., Kirschner, M., Poland, M., Klein, N., Halprin, S., Le Jemtel, T.H., Kram, M. and Sonnenblick, E.H. (1981). Labetalol therapy in patients with systemic hypertension and angina pectoris. Effects of combined alpha and beta adrenoceptor blockade.Am. J. Cardiol,48, 917–28
McNeill, J.J. and Lous, W.J. (1979). A double-blind cross over comparison of pindolol, metoprolol, atenolol and labetalol in mild to moderate hypertension.Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol,8, 163S–166S
Hoffman, B.B. and Lefkowitz, R.J. (1980). Alpha-adrenergic receptor subtypes.N. Engl. J. Med,302, 1390–6
Simoons, M.L., Tummers, J., Van Meurs-Van Woezik, H. and Van Dornburg, R. (1982). Alinidine, a new agent which lowers heart rate in patients with angina pectoris.Eur. Heart J,3, 542–5
Daly, K., Bergman, G., Rothman, M., Atkinson, L., Jackson, G. and Jewitt, D.E. (1982). Beneficial effect of adding nifedipine to beta adrenergic blocking therapy in angina pectoris.Eur. Heart J,3, 42–6
Krikler, D.M., Harris, L. and Rowland, E. (1982). Calcium channel blockers and beta blockers: Advantages and disadvantages of combination therapy in stable angina pectoris.Am. Heart J,104, 702–8
151.Takaro, T., Hultgren, H.N., Detre, K.M. and Peduzzi, P. (1982). The Veterans Administration Co-operative Study of Stable Angina: current status.Circulation,65, Suppl. 2, II–60–67
European Coronary Surgery Study Group (1982). Prospective randomised study of coronary artery bypass surgery in stable angina pectoris: a progress report on survival.Circulation,65, Suppl. 2, II–67–71
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 MTP Press Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Johnston, G.D. (1985). Drug treatment of angina pectoris. In: Breckenridge, A. (eds) Drugs in the Management of Heart Disease. Current Status of Clinical Cardiology, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4876-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4876-1_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8658-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4876-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive