Skip to main content

Disposal of Sewage in Dispersive and Non-Dispersive Areas: Contrasting Case Histories in British Coastal Waters

  • Chapter
The Role of the Oceans as a Waste Disposal Option

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIC,volume 172))

Abstract

The effects of sewage sludge disposal on three contrasting areas round the British coastline are compared. In two, relatively shallow areas (20–30 m), where dumped material is widely dispersed, there is some evidence of localised accumulation of material occurring patchily, but extensively, in the surrounding sediments. In one of these areas summer plankton blooms cause localised eutrophic effects. In the third, deeper, accumulating, area (70 m), the effects of the dumped material are confined to a 100 km−2 around the disposal ground and planktonic eutrophication has not disturbed the system. The contrasting evidence from these areas is used to suggest that disposal of sewage sludge to non-dispersive areas overlaid by a relatively deep, well mixed water column might be a preferred policy option.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Davies, I.M. 1981. Survey of trace elements in fish and shellfish landed at Scottish ports 1975–76. DAPS Scottish Fisheries Research Report. No. 19. 28 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  2. DoE/NWC, 1979a. Report of the Sub-committee on the Disposal of Sewage Sludge to sea 1975–78.(Standing Technical Committee report 18). Department of the Environment and National Water Council, London 66 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  3. DoE/NWC, 1979b. Sewage Sludge Disposal in Liverpool Bay. Reseach into Effects 1975 to 1977. Part 1 - General. Standing Technical Committee report 16 ). Department of the Environment and National Water Council, London. 44 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  4. DoE/WTD, 1984. Sewage Sludge Disposal in Liverpool Bay. Research into Effects 1975 to 1977. Part 2 - Appendices. Water Technical Division, Department of the Environment, London. 194 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Dooley, H.D. 1979. Factors influencing water movements in the Firth of Clyde. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 9, pp. 631–641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Eagle, R.A. 1975. Natural fluctuations in a soft bottom benthic community. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55, PP. 865–878.

    Google Scholar 

  7. GESAMP, 1982. Scientific Criteria for the Selection of Waste Disposal Sites at Sea. IMCO/FAO/UNESCO/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution (GESAMP). Reports and Studies No.„16, 60 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gillbright,M. 1983. Einen “red tide” in der sudlichen Nordsee and ihre Beziehungen zur Umwelt. Helgolander Meeresunters., 36, pp. 393–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Halcrow, W., MacKay, D.W., and Thornton, I. 1973. The distribution of trace metals and fauna in the Firth of Clyde in relation to the disposal of sewage sludge. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 53, pp. 721–739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Murray, A.J. and Norton, H.G. 1982. The field assessment of effects of dumping wastes at sea: 10 Analysis of chemical residues in fish and shellfish from selected coastal regions around England and Wales. Fisheries Research Technical Report, MAFF Directorate of Fisheries Research, Lowestoft, No. 69, 42 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Norton, M.G., Eagle, R.A., Nunny, R.S., Rolfe, M.S., Hardiman, P.A. and Hampson, B.L. 1981. The field assessment of the effects of dumping wastes at sea: 8 Sewage Sludge dumping in the outer Thames Estuary. Fisheries Research Technical Report, MAFF Directorate of Fisheries Research, Lowestoft, No. 62, 62 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Norton, M.G., Jones, P.G.W., Franklin, A. and Rowlatt, S.M. 1984. Water quality studies around the sewage sludge dumping site in Liverpool Bay. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 19, pp. 53–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Norton, M.G., Rowlatt, S.M. and Nunny, R.S. 1984. Sewage sludge dumping and contamination of Liverpool Bay sediments. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 19, 69–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Pearson, T.H. 1985. The benthic ecology of an accumulating sludge disposal ground. Proceedings of the Fourth International Ocean Disposal Symposium, Plymouth, England, April 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Pearson, T.H. and Blackstock, J. 1983. Selection of indicator species: a coordinated ecological and biochemical approach to the assessment of pollution. Oceanologica Acta. Proceedings 17th European Marine Biology Symposium, Brest, France, 27 September-1 October 1982, 147 - 151.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Pearson, T.H., Gray, J.S. and Johannessen, P.J. I983. Objective selection of sensitive species indicative of pollution-induced change in benthic communities. 2. Data analyses. Marine Ecology - Progress Series, 12, pp. 237–255.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Pearson, T.H. and Rosenberg, R. 1978. Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanography and Marine Biology: Annual Review, 16, pp. 229–311.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rees, E.I.S. and Walker, A.J.M. 1984. Macrobenthos and community monitoring studies across the dumping ground. Appendix F in Sewage sludge disposal in Liverpool Bay. Research into effects 1975 to 1977 Part 2 - Appendices DOE/WTD, pp. 113–163.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Rohatagi, H. and Chen, K.Y. 1975. Transport of trace metals by suspended particulates on mixing with sea water. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 47, 2298–2316.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Rohatagi, H. and Chen, K.Y. 1975. Transport of trace metals by suspended particulates on mixing with sea water. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 47, 2298–2316.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Talbot, J.W., Harvey, B.R., Eagle, R.A. and Rolfe, M.S. 1982. The field assessment of effects of dumping wastes at sea: 9. Dispersal and effects on benthos of sewage sludge dumped in the Thames Estuary. Fisheries Research Technical Report. MAFF Directorate of Fisheries Research, Lowestoft, No. 63, 42 pp.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 D. Reidel Publishing Company

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pearson, T.H. (1986). Disposal of Sewage in Dispersive and Non-Dispersive Areas: Contrasting Case Histories in British Coastal Waters. In: Kullenberg, G. (eds) The Role of the Oceans as a Waste Disposal Option. NATO ASI Series, vol 172. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4628-6_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4628-6_28

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8557-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4628-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics