Abstract
Kidney transplantation is a well accepted, therapeutic procedure for patients with end-stage renal disease. Allograft rejection and frequent adverse effects of non-specific immunosuppressive regimens have been the two most important impediments to successful kidney transplantation. Since we now have a greater understanding of transplant immunology, improved clinical management of patients and newer immunosuppressive regimens, renal allograft survival rates have substantially improved in recent years.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Merion RM, White DJG, Thiru S et al.: Cyclosporine: Five years experience in 135 cadaveric renal transplantation. N Engl J Med 310:148–154, 1984.
Salvatierra O Jr, Vincenti F, Amend W Jr et al.: Four year experience with donor specific blood transfusion. Transplant Proc 15:935–938, 1983.
Vincenti F, Amend W, Feduska NJ et al.: Improved outcome following renal transplantation with reduction in the immunosuppressive therapy for rejection episodes. Am J Med 69:107–113, 1980.
Cheigh JS, Stenzel KH, Rubin AL: Low-dose immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation. Transplantation 34:232–233, 1982.
Masur H, Cheigh JS, Stubenbord WT et al.: Infection following renal transplantation: A changing pattern. Rev Infectious Dis 4:1208–1219, 1982.
Washer GF, Schroeter GPJ, Starzl TE, Weil R, III: Cause of death after kidney transplantation. JAMA 250:49–54, 1983.
Van Ypersele de Strihou C, Vereerstraeten P, Wauthier M et al.: Prevalence, etiology and treatment of late, post-transplant hypertension. Adv Nephrol 12:41–61, 1983.
Jacquot C, Idatte JM, Bedrossina J et al.: Long-term blood pressure changes in renal homotransplantation. Arch Int Med 138:233–236, 1978.
Popovtzer MM, Pinaggera W, Katz FH et al.: Variations in arterial blood pressure after kidney transplantation. Circulation 47:1297–1305, 1973.
Bachy C, Alexandre GPJ, DeStrihou C: Hypertension after renal transplantation. Br Med J 2:1287–1289, 1976.
Rao TK, Gupta SK, Butt K et al.: Relationship of renal transplantation to hypertension in end-stage renal failure. Arch Int Med 138:1236–1241, 1978.
Kim KE, Bates O, Lyons P et al.: Haemodynamics of stable renal transplant recipients. Clin Sci 59:377s–379s, 1980.
Smith RS, Albano J, Reid JL et al.: Increased vascular sensitivity to noradrenaline in hypertensive renal transplant recipients. Transplant 36:666–670, 1983.
Kurtzman NA, Pillay VKG, Rogers PW et al.: Renal vascular hypertension and low plasma renin activity, lrch Int Med 133:195–199, 1974.
Brown JJ, Davies DL, Morton JJ et al.: Mechanism of renal hypertension. Lancet 1:1219-1221, June, 1976.
Warren DJ, Ferris TF: Renin secretion in renal hypertension. Lancet 2:159–162, 1970.
Laragh JH, Sealy JE, Niarchos AP et al.: The vasoconstriction-volume spectrum in nor-motension and in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Fed Proc 41:2415–2423, 1982.
Cooke CR, Ruiz-Maza F, Kowarski A et al.: Regulation of plasma aldosterone concentration in anephric man and renal transplant recipients. Kid Int 3:160–166, 1973.
Beckerhoff R, Uhlschimid G, Vetter W et al.: Plasma renin and aldosterone after renal transplantation. Kid Int 5:39–46, 1974.
Kornerup HJ: The patterns of peripheral plasma renin concentration in the early post-transplant period. Scand J Urol Nephrol 13:185–189, 1979.
Pederson EB, Kornerup HJ: The renin-aldosterone system and renal hemodynamics in patients with post-transplant hypertension. Acta Med Scand 200:501–507, 1976.
Sampson D, Kirdani RY, Sandberg AA et al.: The aetiology of hypertension after renal transplantation in man. Br J Surg 60:819–824, 1973.
Grunfeld JP: Permanent hypertension after renal homotransplantation in man. Clin Sci Mol Med 48:391–403, 1975.
McDonald JC, Bethea MC, Lindsey ES et al.: Hypertension and renin in human renal transplantation. Ann Surg 179:580–586, 1874.
Curtis JJ, Lucas BA, Kotchen TA et al.: Surgical therapy for persistent hypertension after renal transplantation. Transplantation 31:125–128, 1981.
Bennett WM, McDonald WJ, Lawson RK et al.: Posttransplant hypertension: Studies of cortical blood flow and the renal pressor system. Kid Int 6:99–108, 1974.
Linas SL, Miller PD, McDonald KM et al.: Role of the renin-angiotensin system in post transplant hypertension in patients with multiple kidneys. N Engl J Med 298:1140–1444, 1978.
Goldman MH, Tilney NL, Vineyard GC et al.: A twenty year survey of arterial complications of renal transplantation. Sug Gynecol Obst 141:758–760, 1975.
Grossman RA, Dafoe DG, Shoenfeld RB et al.: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty treatment of renal transplant artery stenosis. Transplantation 34:339–343, 1982.
Dickerman RM, Peters PC, Hull AR et al.: Surgical correction of post-transplant renovascular hypertension. Ann Surg 192:639–644, 1980.
Lindsey ES, Garbus SB, Golladay ES et al.: Hypertension due to renal artery stenosis in transplant kidneys. Ann Surg 181:604–610, 1975.
Faenza A, Spoloare R, Poggioli G et al.: Renal artery stenosis after renal transplantation. Kid Int 23 (Suppl 14):S54–59, 1983.
Klarskow P, Brendstrup L, Krarup T et al.: Renovascular hypertension after kidney transplantation. Scand J Urol Nephrol 13:291–298, 1979.
Grunfeld JP, Leinknecht D, Moreau JF et al.: Permanent hypertension after renal homo-transplantation in man. Clin Sci Mol Med 48:391–403, 1975.
Whelton PK, Russell RP, Harrington DP et al.: Hypertension following renal transplantation: Causative factors and therapeutic implications. Jama 241:1128–1131, 1979.
Hsu AC, Balfe JW, Olley PM et al.: Allograft renal artery stenosis: Increased peripheral plasma renin activity as an early indicator of uncontrollable hypertension. Clin Nephrol 10:232–238, 1978.
Ulvila JM, Kennedy J, Lamberg J et al.: Blood pressure in chronic renal failure: Effect of sodium intake and furosemide. JAMA 220:233–238, 1972.
Borst JGG, Geus AB: Hypertension explained by Starling’s theory of circulatory homeostasis. Lancet 1:678–682, 1963.
Hollenberg NK, Chenitz WR, Adams DF et al.: Reciprocal influence of salt intake on adrenal glomerulosa and renal vascular responses to angiotensin II in normal man. J Clin Invest 54:34–40, 1974.
Brunner N: Angiotensin II vascular receptors: Their avidity in relationship to sodium balance, the autonomic nerve system and hypertension. J Clin Invest 51:58–64, 1972.
Rankin LI, Henry DP, Weinberger MH et al.: Sodium intake alters the effects of norepinephrine on the renin system and the kidney. Am J Kid Dis I:177–184, 1981.
Tarazi RC: Pathophysiology of essential hypertension. Role of the autonomic nervous system. Am J Med 8:2–8, 1983.
Cowley AW: The concept of autoregulation of total blood flow and its role in hypertension. Am J Med 68:906–916, 1980.
Altura BM: Role of glococorticoids in local regulation of blood flow. Am J Physiol 211:1393–1397, 1966.
Knowlton AI, Loeb En, Stoerk HC: Effect of synthetic analogues of hydrocortisone on the blood pressure of adrenalectomized rats on sodium restriction. Endocrinol 60:768–777, 1957.
Axelrod L: Inhibition of prostacycline production mediates permissive effects of glucocorticoids on vascular tone. Pertubations of this mechanism contribute to pathogenesis of Cushing’s syndrome and Addison’s disease. Lancet 1:904–906, 1983.
Smyllie HC, Connolly CK: Incidence of serious complications of corticosteroid therapy in respiratory disease. Thorax 23:571–581, 1968.
Ragan C: Corticotropin, cortisone and related steroids in clinical medicine: Practical considerations. Bull NY Acad Med 29:356–359, 1953.
Perara GA: Cortisone and blood pressure. Proc Soc Exp Biol NY 76:583–586, 1951.
Albert RE, Smith WW, Eichna LW: Hemodynamic changes associated with fluid retention induced in non-cardiac subjects by corticotropin (ACTH) and cortisone: Comparison with the hemodynamic changes of congestive heart failure. Circulation 12:1047–1056, 1955.
Smith RS, Warren DJ: Effects of high dose intravenous methylprednisolone on circulation in humans. Transplantation 35:349–351, 1983.
Cohen SL: Hypertension in renal transplant recipients: Role of bilateral nephrectomy. Br Med J 3:78–81, 1973.
Hamilton DV, Carmichael DJS, Avans DB et al.: Hypertension in renal transplant recipients on Cyclosporin A and corticosteroids and azathioprine. Transplant Proc 14:597–600, 1982.
McDonald FD, Horensten ML, Mayov GB et al.: Effect of alternate day steroids on renal transplant function. A controlled study. Nephron 17:415–419, 1976.
Curtis JJ, Galla JH, Kotchen TA et al.: Prevalence of hypertension in a renal tranplant population on alternate day steroid therapy. Clin Nephrol 5:123–127, 1976.
Chantler C, Donckerwolcke RA, Brunner FP et al.: Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation of children in Europe. In: Proc EDTA, 16, 1979.
Oyer PE, Stinson EB, Jamieson SW et al.: Cyclosporine in cardiac transplantation: A 2½ year follow-up. Transplant Proc 15 (Suppl 1):2546–2552, 1983.
Hardesty RL, Griffith BP, Debski RF et al.: Experience with cyclosporine in cardiac transplantation. Transplant Proc 15 (Suppl 1):2553–2558, 1983.
Barrett AJ, Kendra JR, Lucas CF et al.: Cyclosporin A as prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease in 36 patients. Br Med J 285:162–166, 1982.
Laupacis A: Complications of cyclosporine therapy–A comparison to azathioprine. Transplant Proc 15 (Suppl 1):2748–2753, 1983.
Siegl H, Ryffel B, Petric R et al.: Cyclosporine, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and renal adverse reactions. Transplant Proc 15 (Suppl 1):2719–2725, 1983.
Mittas JA II, Levy SB, Holle R et al.: Urinary kallikrein activity in the hypertension of renal parenchymal disease. N Engl J Med 299:162–165, 1978.
O’Connor DT, Barg Ap, Amend W et al.: Urinary kallikrein excretion after renal transplantation. Relationship to hypertension, graft source and renal function. Am J Med 73:475–481, 1982.
Koolen MI, Van Brummelen P, Paul LC et al.: Excretion of urokallikrein in renal transplant patients. Relation to graft rejection, renal function and blood pressure. Transplantation 37:471–474, 1984.
Carretero OA, Scicli AG: The renal kallikrein-Kinin system. Am J Physiol 238:247–255, 1980.
Blum M, Bauminger S, Alguetti A et al.: Urinary prostaglandin — E2 in chronic renal disease. Clin Nephrol 15:87–89, 1981.
Romero JC, Strong CG: The effect of indomethacin blockade of prostaglandin synthesis on blood pressure of normal rabbits and rabbits with renovascular hypertension. Circ Res 40:35–41, 1977.
Zia P, Zipser R, Speckart P et al.: The measurement of urinary prostaglandin R in normal subjects and in high-renin state. J Lab Med 92:415–422, 1978.
Foegh ML, Zmudka M, Cooley C et al.: Urine i-TXB2 in renal allograft rejection. Lancet 2:431–434, 1981.
Dargie HJ, Franklin SS, Reid JL: Plasma noradrenaline concentrations in experimental renovascular hypertension in the rat. Clin Sci Mol Med 52:477–483, 1977.
Smith RS, Reid JL, Warren DJ: The role of the adrenergic system in hypertension after renal transplantation. Proc EDTA 18:608–614, 1981.
US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service: Kidney transplant histocompatibility study. Phase I. NIH Publications 80-2164:41–44, 1980.
Advisory Committee to the Renal Transplant Registry: The 13th report of the human renal transplant registry. Transplant Proc 9:9–26, 1977.
Bianchi G, Cusi D, Barlassina C et al.: Renal dysfunction as a possible cause of essential hypertension in predisposed patients. Kid Int 23:870–875, 1983.
Guyton AC, Hall JE, Lohmeier M et al.: The concept of whole body autoregulation and the dominant role of the kidneys for long-term blood pressure regulation. In: Laragh JH, Buhler FR, Seldin DW (eds), Frontiers in Hypertension Research, Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin, 125–134, 1982.
Kahl LK, Heine M: Primary role of renal homografts in setting chronic blood pressure levels in rats. Circ Res 36:692–696, 1975.
Bianchi G, Fox U, DeFrancesco GF et al.: Blood pressure changes produced by kidney cross-transplantation between spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive rats. Clin Sci Mol Med 47:435–448, 1974.
Curtis JJ, Luke RG, Dustan HP et al.: Remission of essential hypertension after renal transplantation. N Engl J Med 309:1009–1015, 1983.
David DS, Sakai S, Brennan L et al.: Hypercalcemia after renal transplantation. Long-term follow-up data. N Engl J Med 289:398–401, 1973.
Bennett WM, McDonald WJ, Lawson RK et al.: Posttransplant hypertension: Studies of cortical blood flow and the renal pressor system. Kid Int 6:99–108, 1974.
Hulter HN, Melbey JC, Peterson JC et al.: Chronic PTH infusion results in hypertension in normal subjects. Am Soc Nephrol (Abstract), 65, 1983.
Iseki K, Massry SG, Campese VM: Interaction between parathyroid hormone and hypercalcemia in the genesis of hypertension in primary hyperparathyroidism. Am Soc Nephrol (Abstract), 65, 1983.
Daniels J, Goodman AD: Hypertension and hyperparathyroidism. Inverse relation of serum phosphate level and blood pressure. Am J Med 75:17–23, 1983.
McCarron DA, Muther RS, Plant SB et al.: Parathyroid hormone: A determinant of post-transplant blood pressure regulation. Am J Kid Dis 1:38–45, 1981.
Schleiffer R, Berthelot A, Gairard A: Action of parathyroid extract on arterial blood pressure and on contraction and 45Ca exchange in isolated aorta of the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 58:163–000, 1979.
Wilson C, Byrom FB: The vicious cycle in chronic Bright’s disease. Experimental evidence from the hypertensive rat. Quart J Med 10:65–93, 1941.
Baldwin DS: Mechanisms of progression in glomerulo nephritis. Clin Exp Dialysis Apheresis 5:1–19, 1981.
Wing AJ: Diseases of the urinary system. Prospects for the treatment of renal diseases. Br Med J 2:881–884, 1977.
Cameron JS: The natural history of glomerulonephritis. In: Ed. Kincaid-Smith P, d’Apice AJF, Atkins RC (eds), Progress in Glomerulonephritis. A. Wiley Medical Publication, New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, 1979.
Bengtsson U: Long-term patter in chronic pyelonephritis. Contr Nephrolo 16:31–36, 1979.
Moyer JH, Heider C, Pevey K et al.: The vascular status of a heterogenous group of patients with hypertension, with particular emphasis on renal function. Am J Med 24:164–176, 1958.
Moyer JH, Heider C, Pevey K et al.: The effects of treatment on the vascular deterioration associated with hypertension, with particular emphasis on renal function. Am J Med 24:177–192, 1958.
Pohl JEF, Thurston H, Swales JD: Hypertension with renal impairment. Quart J Med 18: 569–581, 1974.
Cheigh JS, Stenzel KHS, Wang J et al.: Hypertension is associated with decreased graft survival in long-term kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 17:174–175, 1985.
Smith RB, Cosimi AB, Lordon R et al.: Diagnosis and management of arterial stenosis causing hypertension after successful renal transplantation. J Urol 115:639–642, 1976.
Sniderman KW, Sos TA, Sprayregen S et al.: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in renal transplant arterial stenosis for relief of hypertension. Diag Radiol 135:23–26, 1980.
Mailloux LU, Mossey RT, Susin M et al.: Does treatment of hypertension prevent renal failure. Clin Exp Dialysis Apheresis 5:197–212, 1981.
Wallin JD: Antihypertensives and their impact on renal function. Am J Med (Suppl) October 17:103–108, 1983.
Lacombe M: Arterial stenosis complicating renal allotransplantation in man. Ann Surg 181:283–288, 1975.
Stenzel KH, Cheigh JS, Mouradian J et al.: Proteinuria following renal transplantation.
Cheigh JS, Mouradian J, Susin M et al.: Kidney transplant nephrotic syndrome: Relationship between allograft histopathology and natural course. Kid Int 18:358–365, 1980.
Cheigh JS, Mouradian J, Soliman M et al.: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in renal transplants. Am J Kid Dis 2:449–455, 1983.
Berguer R, Hwang NHC: Critical arterial stenosis: A theoretical and experimental solution. Ann Surg 180:39–50, 1974.
Nilson AE, Henriksson C, Thoren O: Angiographic diagnosis and follow-up of artery stenosis in renal transplantation. Scand J Urol Nephrol 38 (Suppl):131–138, 1976.
Margules RM, Belzer FO, Kountz SL: Surgical Correction of Renovascular Hypertension following renal allotransplantation. Arch Surg 106:13–16, 1973.
Beachley MC, Pierce JC, Boykin JV et al.: The angiographic evaluation of human renal allotransplants. Functional graft deterioration and hypertension. Arch Surg 111:134–142, 1976.
Steensma-Vegter AJ, Krediet RT, Westra D et al.: Reversible stenosis of the renal artery in cadaver kidney grafts: a report of three cases. Clin Nephrol 15:102–106, 1981.
Oakes DD, Spees EK, Light JA: Renovascular hypertension after transplantation of a kidney perfused via multiple renal arteries. Ann Surg 47:272–274, 1981.
Rice LE, Levin ML, Jennings RB et al.: Intractable renovascular hypertension in an adult recipient of a pediatric cadaveric renal transplant. Nephron 17:279–287, 1976.
Barril G, Gonzalez C, Perez R et al.: Severe renovascular hypertension in a recipient of renal transplant: An indication for nephrectomy, Nephron 34:67–70, 1983.
Lindfors O, Laasonen L, Fyhrquist F et al.: Renal artery stenosis in hypertensive renal transplant recipients. J Urol 118:240–243, 1977.
Anderson CF, Woods JE, Frohnert PP et al.: Renal allograft bruit. An encouraging finding. Mayo Clin Proc 48:13–17, 1973.
Braun WE: The renal allograft bruit as an indicator of good function. N Engl J Med 286:1350–1352, 1972.
Hricik DE, Browning PJ, Kopelman R et al.: Captopril induced functional renal insufficiency in patients with bilateral renal artery stenoses or renal artery stenosis in a solitary kidney. N Engl J Med 308:373–376, 1983.
Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. JAMA 251: 764–768, 1984.
Herlitz H, Ahlmen J, Aurell M et al.: Captopril in hypertension after renal transplantation. Lancet 2:1366–1367, 1983.
Venkatachalam K, Kosanovich JM: Captopril in hypertension after renal transplantation, Clin Nephrol 19:265–268, 1983.
Curtis JJ, Luke RG, Whelchel JD et al.: Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme in renal transplant recipients with hypertension. N Engl J Med 308:377–381, 1983.
Blythe WB: Captopril and renal autoregulation. Editorial. N Engl J Med 308:390–391, 1983.
Schalekamp MAD, Wenting GJ: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in renovascular hypertension: Failure of the stenotic kidney. Lancet 1:464–470, 1984.
Case DB, Atlas SA, Mouradian SA et al.: Proteinuria during long-term captopril therapy. Jama 224:346–349, 1980.
Stenzel KH, Cheigh JS, Sullivan JF et al.: Clinical effects of bilateral nephrectomy. Am J Med 58:69–75, 1975.
Rao TKS, Manis T, Delano BG et al.: Continuing high morbidity during maintenance hemodialysis consequent to bilateral nephrectomy. Trans Am Soc Artif Int Organs 19:340–346, 1973.
Lifschitz MD, Rios M, Radwin HM et al.: Renal failure with post-transplant renin angiotensin mediated hypertension. Arch Int Med 138:1409–1411, 1978.
Herrera AJ, Fernandez M, Quiroz S et al.: Mechanism of post-transplantation hypertension induced by host kidneys. In: Villarreal H (ed), Hypertension. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 279–289, 1981.
Aronian JM, Stubenbord WT, Stenzel KH: Bilateral nephrectomy in chronic hemodialysis and renal transplant patients. Am J Surg 126:635–638, 1973.
Thompson JF, Fletcher EW, Wood RFM et al.: Control of hypertension after renal transplantation by embolization of host kidneys. Lancet 2:424–427, 1984.
Hume DM, Lee HM, Williams GM et al.: Comparative results of cadaver and related donor renal homografts in man, and immunologic implications of the outcome of second and paired transplants. Ann Surg 164:352–398, 1966.
McGrath BP, Ledingham JGG: Cardiovascular complications after renal transplantation. In: Morris PJ (ed) Kidney Transplantation: Principles and Practice. Academic Press, London-Grune & Stratton, New York, 313–333, 1979.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cheigh, J.S. (1986). Hypertension in Kidney Transplant Recipients. In: Cheigh, J.S., Stenzel, K.H., Rubin, A.L. (eds) Hypertension in Kidney Disease. Developments in Nephrology, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4271-4_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4271-4_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8397-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4271-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive