Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Model Analysis of the Measured Concentration of Organic Gases in the Norwegian Arctic

  • Chapter
Scientific Application of Baseline Observations of Atmospheric Composition (SABOAC)

  • 51 Accesses

Abstract

A 2-D meridional model for the chemistry and transport in the troposphere is used to study the seasonal variation of the concentration of organic gases like C2H2, C2H6, C3H8, C6H6, C7H8, CHCl3 and C2 Cl4 at high latitudes. The anthropogenic sources for these species were estimated, and the temporal and latitudinal distribution of OH and 03 was calculated using a complex photochemical reaction system. There is fair agreement between the calculated annual variation and the measured concentrations for C2H2, C2H6, C3H8, C7H8, and C2 Cl4 at Spitsbergen during July 1982 and March/April 1983, with a distinct late winter maximum and summer minimum. For CHC13, the direct anthropogenic source is minor compared to indirect anthropogenic or natural sources. For benzene, emission in car exhaust is important, but other anthropogenic sources are required for the calculations to agree with the measurements. Measured C2H4 and C3H6 concentrations are much higher than the calculated ones based on anthropogenic emissions, and show opposite seasonal trends. This indicates biogenic sources for these compounds.

A buildup of PAN (z300 pptv) is calculated at high latitudes during winter. This makes it the dominant source for N0x as the temperature increases in the spring. N0x is found to be a limiting factor for 03 production at high latitudes during spring.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • ALE (1983) The atmospheric life time experiment. J. Geophys. Res. 88. 8353–8441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angell, J.K. and J. Korshover (1980) Update of ozone variations through 1979. Proc. Quadrenniel International Ozone Symposium. Boulder, CO 80303, 4–9 August 1980, ed. J. London, pp. 393–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, R., K.R. Darnall, A.C. Lloyd, A.M. Winer and J.N. Pitts, jr. (1979) Kinetics and mechanisms of the reaction of the hydroxyl radical with organic compounds in the gas phase. Adv. Photochem. 11, 375–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, R., A.C. Lloyd and L Winges (1982) An updated chemical mechanism for hydrocarbon/N0x/S02_ photo-oxidations suitable for inclusion in atmospheric simulation models, Atmos. Environ. 16, 1341–1355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, E. (1979) A catalog of perturbing influences on stratospheric ozone, 1955–1975. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 6929–6940.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bollinger, M.J., D.D. Parrish, C. Hahn, D.L. Albritton, and F.C. Fehsenfeld (1982) N0K measurements in clean continental air. Proc. 2nd symposium: Composition of the non-urban troposphere. American Meteorological Society, Boston, pp. 6–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • CIAP(1975) The natural and radiatively perturbated troposphere, Monogr. 4. Final report of Climatic impact assessment program. DOT-TST-75–54, U.S. Dep. of Transportation, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crutzen, P.J. and L.T. Gidel (1983) A two-dimensional photochemical model of the atmosphere. 2: The tropospheric budgets of the anthropogenic chlorocarbons, CO, CH4, CH3Cl and the effect of various N0x sources on tropospheric ozone. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 6641–6661.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, M.C. and R.R. Arnts (1979) A new mechanism for the reaction of ozone with olefines. Int. J. Chem. Kin. 11, 339–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eliassen, A., O. Hov, I.S.A. Isaksen, J. Saltbones and F. Stordal (1982) A lagrangian long-range transport model with atmospheric boundary layer chemistry. J. Appl. Met. 21, 1645–1661.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, J., S. Solomon and P.J. Crutzen (1979) Observational and theoretical evidence in support of a significant in-situ photochemical source of tropospheric ozone. Tellus 31, 432–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gay. B.W., Jr., P.L. Hanst, J.J. Bufalini and R.C. Noonan (1976) Atmospheric oxidation of chlorinated ethylenes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 10. 58–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hameed, S., J.P. Pinto and R.W. Stewart (1979) Sensitivity of the predicted CO-OH-CH4 perturbation to tropospheric NOx-concentrations. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 763–768.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hampson, R.F., Jr. and O. Garvin (1978) Reaction rate and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry – 1977. National Bureau of Standards, NBS. Special Publication 513, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heintzenberg, J., H.C. Hanssen and H. Lannefors (1981) The chemical composition of arctic haze at Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen. Tellus 33, 162–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heintzenberg, J. and S. Larssen (1983) SO2 and SO4 in the arctic: interpretation of observations at three Norwegian arctic-subarctic stations. Tellus 358. 255–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hidalgo, H. and P.J. Crutzen (1977) The tropospheric and stratospheric composition perturbed by NOx emissions of high altitude aircraft. J. Geophys. Res. 82, 5833–5866.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hov, O., I.S.A. Isaksen and E. Hesstvedt (1978) Diurnal variation of ozone and other pollutants in an urban area. Atmos. Environ. 12, 2469–2479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hov, O., S.A. Penkett, I.S.A. IsaKsen and A. Semb (1984) Organic gases in the Norwegian Arctic. Geophys. Res. Lett. 11, 425–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isaksen, I.S.A., K.H. Midtbo. J. Sunde and P.J. Crutzen (1977) A simplified method to include molecular scattering and reflection in calculation of photon fluxes and photodissociation rates. Geophysica Norvegica 31. 11–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaksen, I.S.A. and H. Rodhe (1978) A two-dimensional model for the global distribution of gases and aerosol particles in the troposphere. Report AC-47. Department of Meteorology. University of Stockholm

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaksen, I.S.A. (1979) Transport and distribution of pollutants in the troposphere. Proc. WMO No. 538, Geneva, pp. 347–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaksen, I.S.A. (1980) The tropospheric ozone budget and possible man made effects. Proc. Quadrennial international ozone symposium. Boulder, CO. 4–9 August 1980, ed. J. London, pp. 845–852.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iversen, T. (1984) On the atmospheric transport of pollution to the Arctic. Geophys. Res. Lett. 11. 457–460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khalil, M.A.K. and R.A. Rasmussen (1983) Gaseous tracers of arctic haze. Environ. Sci. Technol. 17, 157–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khalil, M.A.K., R.A. Rasmussen and S.D. Hoyt (1983) Atmospheric chloroform (CHCl3): ocean-air exchange and global mass balance. TelluS 358. 266–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Killus, J.P. and G.Z. Whitten (1983) A new carbon-bond mechanism for air quality simulation modeling. Report SYSAPP-83/048, Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA 94903.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacis, A., J. Hansen, P. Lee, T. Mitchell and S. Lebedeff (1981) Greenhouse effect of trace gases, 1970–1980. Geophys. Res. Lett. 9, 1035–1038.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manabe, S. and R.J. Stouffer (1980) Sensitivity of a global climate model to an increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 85, 5529–5554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McFarland. M., D. Kley, J.W. Drummond, A.L. Schmeltekopf and R.H. Winkler (1979) Nitric oxide measurements in the equatorial Pacific region. Geophys. Res. Lett. 6, 605–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NASA(1982) Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling. Evaluation number 5. JPL publication 82–57, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newell, R.E., J.W. Kidson, D.C. Vincent and G.J. Boer (1972) The general circulation of the tropical atmosphere and interactions with extratropical latitudes, vol. 1. MIT press, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niki, H., P.O. Maker, CM. Savage and L. Breitenbach (1983) Atmospheric ozone-olefin reactions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 17. 312A-322A.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • OECD(1982) Photochemical smog. Contribution of volatile organic compounds. OECD, 2 rue Andrè-Pascal, 75775 Paris CEDEX 16, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • oltmans, J.J. (1981) Surface ozone measurements in clean air. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 1174–1180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahn, K.A. E. Joranger, A. Semb and T.J. Conway (1980) High winter concentrations of SO2 in the Norwegian Arctic and transport from Eurasia. Nature 287, 824–826.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahn, K.A. and R.J. McCaffrey (1980) On the origin and transport of the winter arctic aerosol. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 337, 486–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramanathan, V. (1980) Climatic effects of anthropogenic trace gases, in Interactions of energy and climate, edited by W. Bach, J. Pankrath and J. Williams, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 363–381.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, R.A., L.E. Rasmussen, M.A.K. Khalil and R.W. Dalluge (1980) Concentration distribution of methyl chloride in the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 85, 7350–7356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, R.A. and M.A.K. Khalil (1981) Global atmospheric distribution and trend of methylchloroform (CH3 CCl3). Geophys. Res. Lett. 8, 1005–1007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, R.A. and M.A.K. Khalil (1982a) Latitudinal distributions of trace gases in and above the boundary layer. Chemosphere 11, 227–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen. R.A. and M.A.K. Khalil (1982b) Atmospheric trace gases at Point Barrow and Arctic haze. Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change, Vol. 10, eds. B.A. Bodhaine and J. Harris, U.S. Dep of Commerce NOAA ERL, Boulder, Colorado.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, R.A. and M.A.K. Khalil (1983a) Natural and anthropogenic trace gases in the lower troposphere of the Arctic. Chemosphere. 12, 371–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, R.A. and M.A.K. Khalil (1983b) Atmospheric benzene and toluene. Geophys. Res. Lett. 10, 1096–1099.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, R.A., M.A.K. Khalil and R.J. Fox (1983) Altitudinal and temporal variation of hydrocarbons and other gaseous tracers of Arctic haze. Geophys. Res. Lett. 10, 144–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodhe, H. and I.S.A. Isaksen (1980) Global distribution of sulphur compounds in the troposphere estimated in a height/ latitude transport model. J. Geophys. Res. 85, 7401–7409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, E. (1978) Hydrocarbons in the atmosphere. PAGEOPH 116, 372–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, H.B. and L.J. Salas (1982) Measurement of selected light hydrocarbons over the Pacific Ocean: Latitudinal and seasonal variations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 9, 842–845.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, H.B. and L.J. Salas (1983) Peroxyacetyl nitrate in the free troposphere. Nature 302. 326–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soderlund, R. and B.H. Svensson (1976) The global nitrogen cycle, in Nitrogen, phosphorous and sulphur-global cycles, edited by B.H. Svensson and R. Soderlund. SCOPE report 7, Ecol. Bull. (Stockholm) 22, 23–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, P.R. (1977) The determination of biogenic hydrocarbon emissions. Annual meeting, Pacific N.W. Int. Sect., APCA, Spokane, Wash. Nov 14–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, P.R., R.B. Chatfield, J. Fishman, P.J. Crutzen and P.L. Hanst (1978) Estimates of the production of CO and H2 from the oxidation of hydrocarbon emissions from vegetation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 5. 679–682.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geophysics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Ivar S. A. Isaksen

  2. NCAR, Boulder, Co., B0307, USA

    Ivar S. A. Isaksen & Arne Semb

  3. Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O.Box 130, N-200, Lillestrom, Norway

    Øystein Hov

  4. Environmental and Medical Sciences Division, AERE, Harwell, Oxon, ORA, OX11, Uk

    Stuart A. Penkett

Authors
  1. Ivar S. A. Isaksen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Øystein Hov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Stuart A. Penkett
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Arne Semb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Atmospheric Chemistry, Kernforschungsanlage Jülich, Jülich, Germany

    Dieter Ehhalt

  2. CSIRO, Aspendale, Australia

    Graeme Pearman  & Ian Galbally  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 D. Reidel Publishing Company

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Isaksen, I.S.A., Hov, Ø., Penkett, S.A., Semb, A. (1985). Model Analysis of the Measured Concentration of Organic Gases in the Norwegian Arctic. In: Ehhalt, D., Pearman, G., Galbally, I. (eds) Scientific Application of Baseline Observations of Atmospheric Composition (SABOAC). Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3909-7_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3909-7_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8235-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-3909-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation