Skip to main content

Epidemiological Research on Infectious Disease: Quantitative Rigor or Rigormortis? Insights from Ethnomedicine

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Culture, Illness, and Healing ((CIHE,volume 9))

Abstract

Epidemiology often forsakes the richness of a people’s way of living for quantitative rigor. And, although statistical calculations may be built on valid mathematical models, they run a serious risk of being inaccurate by excluding a vital human element: the way people really approach illness and cope with death.

Field research was made possible by the Federal University of Ceará, the Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand, the University of Virginia, Division of Geographic Medicine, and the W. K Kellogg Foundation. Additional supp[rt was provided by the National Center for Health Services Research, OASH (Grant number 1 RO3 HSO4437-01) and the Pan American Health Organization. Projects are currently being supported by Primary Health Care Operations Rearch and The Edna Mc Connell Clack Foundation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alland, A., Jr. 1966 Medical Anthropology and the Study of Biological and Cultural Adaptation. American Anthropologist 68(1): 40–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armelogos, G. J., A. Goodman, and K. H. Jacobs 1978 The Ecological Perspective in Disease. In M. Logan and E. Hunt (eds.), Health and the Human Condition, pp. 71–83. North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Audy, R. J. 1971 Measurement and Diagnosis of Health. In P. Shepard and D. McKinley (eds.), Environ/Mental: Essays on the Planet as a Home, pp. 140–162. New York: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Basch, P. F. 1978 International Health. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bomgaars, M. R. 1976 Undernutrition: Cultural Diagnosis and Treatment of Runche. JAMA 236(22): 2513.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, N. and R. D. Cane 1976 Poisoning Associated with Witchdoctor Attendance. JAMA 50:1138–1140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassei, J. 1964 Social Science Theory as a Source of Hypotheses in Epidemiological Research. American Journal of Public Health 55: 1482–1488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, T. A. 1971 Schistosomiasis in Mainland China: A Review of Research and Control Programs Since 1949. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 20(1): 26–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockburn, T. A. 1967 Infectious Diseases: Their Evolution and Eradication. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockburn, T. A. 1978 Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities. The International Classification of Diseases. 9th revision. (ICD-9-CM). Ann Arbor, Mich.: Edwards Bros., Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubos, R. 1959 Mirage of Health. Garden City: Doubleday-Anchor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubos, R. 1965 Man Adapting. 1970 printing. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, F. L. 1969 Social Relationships, Kinship and Communicable Transmission. Proceedings of the VIII the International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, 1968, Tokyo and Kyoto. Science Council of Japan. Vol. 1, Anthropology, section A-7, Medical Anthrlopology, p. 243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, F. L. 1975 Causal Assemblages in Epidemiology as Sources of Hypotheses in Anthropological Research. Paper presented at the American Anthropological Association, Medical Anthropology Symposium, December 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, F. L. 1976a Human Behavioral Factors in the Epidemiology and Control of Wuchereria and Brugia Infections. Bulletin of the Public Health Society 10: 34–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, F. L. 1976b Human Behavioral Studies in Parasitic Disease Research and Control. Assignment Report. Dept. of International Health and the George Williams Hooper Foundation, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, pp. 1–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, F. L. 1979 Behavioral Aspects of the Control of Parasitic Diseases. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 57(4): 499–665.

    Google Scholar 

  • Etkin, M. L. 1979 Indigenous Medicine Among the Hausa of Northern Nigeria: Laboratory Evaluation for Potential Therapeutic Efficacy of Antimalarial Plant Medicinais. Medical Anthropology. 3(4): 401–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fabrega, H., Jr. 1972 Medical Anthropology. In B. Siegal, (ed.), Biennial Review of Anthropology, pp. 167–229. Stanford: University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan, P. C. and O. K. Khaw 1964 Relationship of Food Habits to Human Infection with Paragonimus westermani. Chinese Medical Journal 11: 55–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farooq, M. and M. B. Mallah 1966 The Behavioral Pattern of Social and Religious Water-Contact Activities in the Egypt-49 Bilharziasis Project Area. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 35: 377–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleck, A. C. Jr. and F. A. Ianni 1958 Epidemiology and Anthropology: Some Suggested Affinities in Theory and Method. Human Organization 16(4): 35–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gajdusek, D. C. 1973 Kuru in the New Guinea Highlands. In J. D. Spillane (ed.), Tropical Neurology, pp. 377–383. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillies, E. 1976 Causal Criteria in African Classifications of Disease. In J. B. Loudon (ed.), Social Anthropology and Medicine, pp. 358–395. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glickman, L. T. et al. 1981 Pica Patterns, Toxocariasis and Elevated Blood Lead in Children. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 30: 77–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerrant, R. L. et al. 1983 Prospective Study of Diarrheal Illness in Northeastern Brazil: Patterns of Disease, Nutritional Impact, Etiologies and Risk Factors. Journal of Infectious Disease 148(6): 986–997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Healy, M. A., M. Aslam, and O. A. Bamgboye 1984 Traditional Medicine and Lead-containing Preparations in Nigeria. Public Health 98: 26–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, C. C. 1968 Ethnomedicine. In The International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, 10: 87–93. New York: Free Press/MacMillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Imperato, P. J. 1968 Traditional Beliefs About Measles and its Treatment Among the Bambara of Mali. Tropical and Geographical Medicine 21:62–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Imperato, P. J. 1974 Cholera in Mali and Popular Reactions to Its First Appearance. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77(12): 290–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Imperato, P. J. et al. 1974 Trichinosis Among Those Living In New York City. JAMA 227: 526–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kew, M. C. et al. 1973 The Witch Doctor and Tribal Scarification of the Skin and the Hepatitis B Antigen. South’African Medical Journal 47: 2419–2420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleinman, A., L. Eisenberg, and B. Good 1978 Culture, Illness, and Care: Clinical Lessons from Anthropologic and Cross-Cultural Research. Annals of Internal Medicine 88: 251–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochar, V.K. et al. 1973 Human Factors in the Regulation of Parasitic Infections: Cultural Ecology of Hookworm Populations in Rural West Bengal. In F. Haley et al. (eds.), Medical Anthropology, pp. 287–311. Paris: Mouton Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubo, I. 1982 Pharmacies in the Jungle. In World Book (eds.), The Science Year, pp. 126–137. Childcraft International Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubo, I. 1983a Antibacterial Quinone’s Structure Determined. Tetrahedron, p. 3825.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubo, I. 1983b Structure of Mukaadial: A Molluscicide from the Warburgia Plants. Chemistry Letters, pp. 979–980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubo, I. 1984a Fighting Two Deadly Diseases. The New York Times. December 4, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubo, I. 1984b Molluscicides and Insecticidal Activities of Isobutylamides Isolated from Fagara macrophylla. Experientia Basel, Switzerland 40: 340–341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubo, I. 1984c Molluscicides from Olive europaea and their Efficient Isolation by Countercurrent Chromatographics. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 32:687.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kubo, I. 1984d Plant Extract Fights Fungus. Science News 125: 375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubo, I. 1984 Lead Poisoning: Associated Death from Asian Folk Remedies. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 33(45): 638,643–645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindenbaum, S. 1979 Kuru Sorcery. Los Angeles, Mayfield Publishing Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Livingstone, F. 1958 Anthropological Implications of Sickle Cell Gene Distribution in West Aftrica. American Anthropologist 60: 533–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lozoff, B. 1975 Infection and Disease in South Indian Families: Beliefs about Childhood Diarrhea. Human Organization 34: 353–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mather, R. J. and T. J. John 1972 Popular Beliefs About Smallpox and Other Common Infectious Diseases in South India. Tropical and Geographical Medicine 25: 190–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, J. M. 1960 The Ecology of Human Disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 84(17): 789–794.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morinis, E. A. 1978 Two Pathways in Understanding Disease: Traditional and Scientific. WHO Chronicle 32: 57–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mull, D. S. and J. D. Mull 1983 Algodoncillo: White Sign of Danger. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 14(4): 9–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nations, M. K. 1982 Illness of the Child: The Cultural Context of Childhood Diarrhea in Northeast Brazil. Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, G. S. 1972 Human Behavior in the Transmission of Parasitic Disease. In E. U. Cunning and C. A. Wright (eds.), Behavioral Aspects of Parasitic Transmission, pp. 109–121. New York: Academic Press, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ngubane, H. 1976 Some Aspects of Treatment Among the Zulu. In J. B. Loudon (ed.), Social Anthropology and Medicine, pp. 318–357. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nurge, E. 1975 Anthropological Perspective for Medical Students. Human Organization 34(4): 348–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, T. J. and R. H. Waterman, Jr. 1982 In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best-Run Companies. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfifferling, J. H. 1975 Some Issues in the Consideration of Non-Western and Western Folk Practices as Epidemiological Data. Social Science and Medicine 9:655–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polgar, S. 1962 Health and Human Behavior: Areas of Interest Common to the Social and Medical Sciences. Current Anthropology 3:159–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puffer, R. R. and C. V. Serrano 1973 Patterns of Mortality in Childhood. Washington, D. C: Pan American Health Organization. Publication PAHO No. 262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raum, O. F. 1967 Chaga Childhood: A Description of Indigenous Education in an East African Tribe. London: Oxford University Press (original 1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Read, M. 1968 Children of Third Fathers: Growing Up Among the Ngoni of Malawi. New York: Holt, Rhinehart and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenfield, P. L., Widstrand, C., and A. D. Ruderman 1981 Social and Economic Research in the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. Social Science and Medicine 15A: 529–538.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roundy, R. W. 1973 The Cultural Geography of Communicable Disease Transmission in Ethiopia. H. G. Marcus (ed.). Monograph No. 3, pp. 427–441. Occasional Papers Series, African Studies Centre, Michigan State University, East Lansing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubel, A. J. 1964 The Epidemiology of a Folk Illness: Susto in Hispanic America. Ethnology. 3: 268–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saphir, J. R. et al. 1967 Voodoo Poisoning in Buffalo, N. Y. JAMA 202(5): 437–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schantz, P. M., D. D. Juranek, and M. G. Schultz 1977 Trichinosis in the United States, 1975. Increase in Cases Attributable to Numerous Common-Source Outbreaks. Journal of Infectious Diseases 136: 712–715.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shahid, N. S. et al. 1983 Beliefs and Treatment Related to Diarrheal Episodes Reported in Association with Measles. Tropical and Geographical Medicine 35:151–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trotter, R. T., II 1985 Greta and Azarcon: A Survey of Episodic Lead Poisoning from a Folk Remedy. Human Organization 44(1): 64–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, J. A. and K. S. Warren 1979 Selective Primary Health Care: An Interim Strategy for Disease Control in Developing Countries. The New England Journal of Medicine 301: 967–970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, J. A. and K. S. Warren 1985 Students Confined to Illinois Campus Unless Immunized. The Washington Post. Section G-11, March 2, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiesenfeld, S. L. 1967 Sickle-Cell Trait in Human Biological and Cultural Evolution. Science 157: 1134–1140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiesenfeld, S. L. 1970 World Health Organization. Programmes of Analysis of Mortality Trends and Levels. Technical Report Series, No. 440, p. 36.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 D. Reidel Publishing Company

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nations, M.K. (1986). Epidemiological Research on Infectious Disease: Quantitative Rigor or Rigormortis? Insights from Ethnomedicine. In: Janes, C.R., Stall, R., Gifford, S.M. (eds) Anthropology and Epidemiology. Culture, Illness, and Healing, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3723-9_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3723-9_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-277-2249-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-3723-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics