Abstract
Social change over the last century has had varied and dramatic effects not only on populations as a whole, but also on the survival and growth of individual children. On the one hand, improvements in medical technology and health care have reduced death rates, which in developing countries are particularly high for infants and young children. On the other hand, changes in habitat — for example from rural to urban — have had less uniformly positive effects on the environments of children and their families.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bongaarts, J. 1976 Intermediate fertility variables and marital fertility rates. Population Studies 30(2): 227–241.
Bongaarts, J. 1982 The fertility-inhibiting effects of the intermediate fertility variables. Studies in Family Planning 13: 179–189.
Digest. 1984 In Kenya, modernization, drop in breastfeeding and low contraceptive use bring rising fertility. International Family Planning Perspectives 10: 131–133.
Delvoye, P., and Robyn, C. 1980 Breast-feeding and post partum amenorrhea in Central Africa. 2. Prolactin and post partum amenorrhea. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 26: 184–189.
Dow, T.E. and Werner, L.H. 1976 Family size and family planning in Kenya: Continuity and change in metropolitan and rural attitudes. Population and Development Review 2: 321–366.
Faruquee, R. et al. 1980 Kenya: Population and development. Washington, D.C: The World Bank.
Harkness, S. 1977 Aspects of social environment and first language acquisition in rural Africa. In C. Snow and C.A. Ferguson (Eds.), Talking to children: Language input and acquisition. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Harkness, S., and Super, CM. 1982 Why African children are so hard to test. In L.L. Adler (Ed.), Cross-cultural research at issue. New York: Academic Press.
Harkness, S., and Super, CM. 1983 The cultural construction of child development: A framework for the socialization of affect. Ethos 11: 221–231.
Harkness, S., and Super, CM. 1985 The cultural context of gender segregation in children’s peer groups. Child Development 56: 219–224.
Hobcraft, J., McDonald, J.W., and Rutstein, S. 1983 Child-spacing effects on infant and early child mortality. Population Index 49: 585–618.
Konner, M. and Worthman, C. 1980 Nursing frequency, gonadal function, and birth spacing among !Kung hunter-gatherers. Science 207: 788–791.
Lesthaeghe, R., Ohadike, P.O., Kocher, J., and Page, H.J. 1981 Child-spacing and fertility in sub-Saharan Africa: An overview of issues. In H.J. Page and R. Lesthaeghe (Eds.), Child-spacing in tropical Africa: Traditions and change. New York: Academic Press, pp. 3–21.
Mott, F.L. and Mott, S.H. 1980 Kenya’s record population growth: A dilemma of development. Population Bulletin 35: 1–43.
Ojofeitimi, E.O. 1982 Effect of duration and frequency of breastfeeding on post-partum amenorrhea. Pediatrics 69: 164–168.
Peristiany, J.G. 1939 The social institutions of the Kipsigis. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Super, CM. 1985 The use of multidimensional scaling techniques to assess children’s ages in a field setting. Unpublished manuscript.
Super, CM., and Harkness, S. 1981 Figure, ground, and gestalt: The cultural context of the active individual. In R.M. Lerner and N.A. Busch-Rossnagel (Eds.), Individuals as producers of their development: A life-span perspective. New York: Academic Press, pp. 69–85.
Super, C.M., and Harkness, S. 1982a The development of affect in infancy and early childhood. In D. Wagner and H. Stevenson (Eds.), Cultural perspectives on child development. San Francisco: Freeman, pp. 7–19.
Super, C.M., and Harkness, S. 1982b The infant’s niche in rural Kenya and metropolitan Boston. In L.L. Adler (Ed.), Cross-cultural research at issue. New York: Academic Press.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Harkness, S., Super, C.M. (1987). Fertility Change, Child Survival, and Child Development: Observations on a Rural Kenyan Community. In: Scheper-Hughes, N. (eds) Child Survival. Culture, Illness and Healing, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3393-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3393-4_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-55608-029-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-3393-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive