Abstract
Traditionally, the ventricular septum has been viewed as part of the left ventricle (Fig. 15-1), both from an anatomic [1] and functional viewpoint. Support for this concept is widespread and is illustrated in the echocardiographic study shown in Fig. 15-2. Thus, the septum is the same thickness as the left ventricular free wall and (at both end-diastole and end-systole) is concave to the left ventricle with a radius of curvature which is not noticeably different from that of the free wall. The M-mode echocardiogram in Fig. 15-1 demonstrates the normal motion pattern of the ventricular septum; during systole the septum thickens and moves toward the center of the LV cavity.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Armour, J. A. and Randall, W.C.:Structural basis for cardiac function. Am. J. Physiol. 218:1517–1523, 1970.
Kieffer, R.W., Hutchins, G.M., Moore, G.W. and Bulkley, B.H.: Reversed septal curvature. Association with primary pulmonary hypertension and Shone Syndrome. Am. J. Med. 66: 831–835, 1979.
Popp, R.L., Wolfe, S.B., Hirata, T. and Feigenbaum, H.: Estimation of right and left ventricular size by ultrasound. A study of the echoes from the interventricular septum. Am. J. Cardiol. 24: 523–530, 1969.
Pearlman, A.S., Clark, C.E., Henry, W.L., Morganroth, J., Itscoitz, S.B. and Epstein, S.E.: Determinants of ventricular septal motion. Influence of relative right and left ventricular size. Circulation 54: 83–91,1976.
Meyer, R.A., Schwartz, D.C., Benzing, G. III and Kaplan, S.:Ventricular septum in right ventricular volume overload. An echocardiographic study. Am. J. Cardiol. 30: 349–353,1972.
Laurenceau, J.L. and Dumesnil, J.G.: Right and left ventricular dimensions as determinants of ventricular septal motion. Chest 69: 388–393,1976.
Weyman, A.E., Wann, S., Feigenbaum, H. and Dillon, J.C.: Mechanism of abnormal septal motion in patients with righ ventricular volume overload. Circulation 54: 179–186,1976.
Tanaka, H., Tei, C, Nakao, S., Tahara, M., Sakurai, S., Kashima, T. and Kanehisa, T.: Diastolic bulging of the interventricular septum toward the left ventricle. An echocardiographic manifestation of negative interventricular pressure gradient between left and right ventricles during diastole. Circulation 62: 558–563,1980
Candell-Riera, J., Garcia del Castillo, H., Permanyer-Miralda, G. and Soler-Soler, J.: Echocardiographic features of the interventricular septum in chronic constrictive pericarditis. Circulation 57: 1154–1158,1978.
Payvandi, M.N. and Kerber, R.E.: Echocardiography in congenital and acquired absence of the pericardium. An echocardiographic mimic of right ventricular volume overload. Circulation 53: 86–92,1976.
Schuler, G., Peterson, K.L., Johnson, A.D., Francis, G., Ashburn, W., Dennish, G., Daily, P.O. and Ross, J. Jr.: Serial noninvasive assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy and function after surgical correction of aortic regurgitation. Am. J. Cardiol. 44: 585–594,1979.
Waggoner, A.D., Shah, A.A., Schuessler, J.S., Crawford, E.S., Nelson, J.G., Miller, R.R. and Quinones, M.A.: Effect of cardiac surgery on ventricular septal motion: assessment by intra-operative echocadiography and cross-sectional two-dimensional echocardiography. Am. Heart J. 104: 1271–1278,1982.
Schabelman, S.E., Jackson, J.G., Schulz, E.E. and Jutzy, R.V.: Pericardial closure and paradoxic septal motion after surgery. South Med. J. 74: 1353–1356,1981.
Kerber, R.E. and Litchfield, R.: Postoperative abnormalities of interventricular septal motion: Two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiographic correlations. Am. Heart. J. 104: 263–268, 1982.
McDonald, I.G.:Echocardiographic demonstration of abnormal motion of the interventricular septum in left bundle branch block. Circulation 48: 272–280,1973.
Gomes, J.A.C., Damato, A.N., Akhtar, M., Dhatt, M.S., Calon, A.H., Reddy, CP. and Moran, H.E.: Ventricular septal motion and left ventricular dimensions during abnormal ventricular activation. Am. J. Cardiol. 39: 641–650,1977.
Henderson, Y. and Prince, A.L.: The relative systolic discharges of the right and left ventricles and their bearing on pulmonary congestion and depletion. Heart 5: 217–226,1914.
Bemis, C.E., Serur, J.R., Borkenhagen, D., Sonnenblick, E.H. and Urschel, C.W.: Influence of right ventricular filling pressure on left ventricular pressure and dimension. Circ. Res. 34: 498–504, 1974.
Elzinga, G., Van Grondelle, R., Westerhof, N. and Van Den Bos, G.C.: Ventricular interference. Am. J. Physiol. 226: 941–947,1974.
Santamore, W.P., Lynch, P.R., Meier, G., Jeckman, J. and Bove, A.A.: Myocardial interaction between the ventricles. J. Appl. Physiol. 41: 362–368,1976.
Kerber, R.E., Dippel, W.F. and Abboud, F.M.: Abnormal motion of the interventricular septum in right ventricular volume overload. Circulation 48: 86– 96,1973.
Kingma, I., Tyberg, J.V. and Smith, E.R.: Effects of diastolic transseptal pressure gradient on ventricular septal position and motion. Circulation 68: 1304– 1314,1983.
Stool, E.W., Mullins, C.B., Leshin, S.J. and Mitchell, J.H.: Dimensional changes of the left ventricle during acute pulmonary arterial hypertension in dogs. Am. J. Cardiol. 33: 868– 875, 1974.
Badke, F.R.: Left ventricular dimensions and function during right ventricular pressure overload. Am. J. Physiol. 11: H611–H618,1982.
Slutsky, R.A., Peck, W.W. and Mancini, G.B.J. The effect of pulmonic and aortic constriction on regional left ventricular thickening dynamics, geometry and the radius of septal curvature. Analysis by gated computed transmission tomography. Invest. Radiol. 19: 374– 379,1984.
Molaug, M., Stokland, O., Ilebekk, A., Lekven, J. and Kiil, F.: Myocardial function of the interventricular septum. Effects of right and left ventricular pressure loading before and after pericardiotomy in dogs. Circ. Res. 49: 52–61,1981.
Visner, M.S., Arentzen, C.E., O’Connor, M.J., Larson, E.V. and Anderson, R.W.: Alterations in left ventricular three-dimensional dynamic geometry and systolic function during acute right ventricular hypertension in the conscious dog. Circulation 67: 353–365,1983.
Olsen, CO., Tyson, G.S., Maier, G.W., Spratt, J.A., Davis, J.W. and Rankin, J.S.: Dynamic ventricular interaction in the conscious dog. Circ. Res. 52: 85–104,1983.
Azancot, A., Caudell, T.P., Allen, H.D., Horowitz, S., Sahn, D.J., Stoll, C, Thies, C, Valdes-Cruz, L.M. and Goldberg, S.J.: Analysis of ventricular shape by echocardiography in normal fetuses, newborns, and infants. Circulation 68: 1201–1211,1983.
Little, W.C, Reeves, R.C, Arciniegas, J., Katholi, R.E. and Rogers, E.W.: Mechanism of abnormal interventricular septal motion during delayed left ventricular activation. Circulation 65: 1486–1491, 1983.
Weyman, A.E., Heger, J.J., Kronik, G., Wann, L.S., Dillon, J.C and Feigenbaum, H.: Mechanism of paradoxical early diastolic septal motion in patients with mitral stenosis. A cross-sectional echocardiographic study. Am. J. Cardiol. 40: 691–699,1977.
Thompson, C.R., Kingma, I., MacDonald, R.P., Belenkie, I., Tyberg, J.V. and Smith, E.R. Transseptal pressure gradient determines diastolic ventricular septal motion in patients with mitral stenosis. Circulation 72 (Suppl III): 3–410,1985.
Meyer, R.A.: Pediatric Echocardiography. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1977.
Ieri, A. and Zipoli, A.: Abnormal diastolic motion of interventricular septum during inspiratory phase. Echocardiographic study. Br. Heart J. 43: 702–704,1980.
Brinker, J.A., Weiss, J.L., Lappe, D.L., Rabson, J.L., Summer, W.R., Permutt, S. and Weisfeldt, M.L.: Leftward septal displacement during right ventricular loading in man. Circulation 61: 626–633,1980.
Guzman, P.A., Maughan, W.L., Yin, F.C.P., Eaton, L.W., Brinker, J.A., Weisfeldt, M.L. and Weiss, J.L.: Transseptal pressure gradient with leftward septal displacement during the Mueller manoeuvre in man. Br. Heart H. 46: 657–662,1981.
Kingma, I., Smiseth, O.A., Belenkie, I., MacDonald, R.P.R., Knudtson, M.L., Tyberg, J.V. and Smith, E.R.: Ventricular septal dynamics in response to altered transseptal pressure in man. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 5: 511,1985 (Abstract).
Molaug, M., Geiran, O. and Kiil, F.: Dynamics of the interventricular septum and free ventricular walls during selective left ventricular volume loading in dogs. Acta. Physiol. Scand. 119: 81–89, 1983.
Smith, E.R., Kingma, I., Smiseth, O.A., MacDonald, R.P.R., Groves, G., Pawlak, C, Kondo, C. and Tyberg, J. V.: Ventricular septal responses to acute constriction of the pulmonary artery in conscious dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 131: A57,1985 (Abstract).
Ryan, T., Petrovic, O., Dillon, J.C., Feigenbaum, H., Conley, M.J. and Armstrong, W.F. An echocardiographic index for separation of right ventricular volume and pressure overload. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 5: 918–924,1985.
Shimada, R., Takeshita, A. and Nakamura, M.: Noninvasive assessment of right ventricular systolic pressure in atrial septal defect: Analysis of the end-systolic configuration of the ventricular septum by two-dimensional echocardiography. Am. J. Cardiol. 53: 1117–1123,1984.
Molaug, M., Geiran, O., Stokland, O., Thorvaldson, J. and Ilebekk, A.: Dynamics of the interventricular septum and free ventricular walls during blood volume expansion and selective right ventricular volume loading in dogs. Acta. Physiol. Scand. 116: 245–256,1982.
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Smith, E.R., Tyberg, J.V. (1987). Mechanics of the ventricular septum. In: Ter Keurs, H.E.D.J., Tyberg, J.V. (eds) Mechanics of the Circulation. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 69. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3311-8_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3311-8_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7986-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-3311-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive