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Atmospheric General Circulation Models: Their Design and Use for Climate Studies

  • Chapter
Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and Climatic Change

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIC,volume 243))

Abstract

A general review of atmospheric general circulation modelling is presented, with emphasis on the use of models for climate studies. The opening section briefly sets this type of modelling in the context of climate modelling as a whole. It is followed by two further sections of an introductory nature, these outlining the historical development of general circulation models and the processes of primary importance that must be taken into account in constructing them. Sections 4 and 5 then review the design of the models themselves, discussing both their numerical formulations for the solution of the basic adiabatic equations, and their parameterizations of a number of processes that cannot be explicitly described by the numerical form of the equations. Discussion of the use and performance of these models is prefaced by Section 6 which gives an account of the general predictability of the atmosphere. The following section describes the actual use to which models have been put in a number of climate studies, these ranging from the experimental prediction of monthly means to evaluation of the possible response of the longer-term climate to an increase in the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere. The results of such studies must be judged in the light of the ability of the models to simulate the present climate, and this is discussed in Section 8. Some concluding remarks, including brief comment on the interpretation of model results, are given in Section 9.

Reprinted (with revisions) with permission form “The Global Climate” (J. T. Houghton, Ed.), Cambridge University Press, 1984, pp. 37–62.

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  1. European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, RG2 9AX, Reading, Berkshire, UK

    A. J. Simmons & L. Bengtsson

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    M. E. Schlesinger

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Simmons, A.J., Bengtsson, L. (1988). Atmospheric General Circulation Models: Their Design and Use for Climate Studies. In: Schlesinger, M.E. (eds) Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and Climatic Change. NATO ASI Series, vol 243. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3041-4_2

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