Upper digestive endoscopy

Abstract

The exact diagnosis of patients with haematemesis, dyspepsia and other upper abdominal symptoms cannot be made on the history alone. Diseases may simulate each other and different disorders can affect the same patient. Fibreoptic endoscopy with photography, biopsy and cytology has played a major role in evaluation and management. The technique is safe with a few contraindications, but requires training and experience to yield good results. It is usual for operators and assistants to wear disposable waterproof gloves. Special precautions are needed for patients known to carry hepatitis B virus, and those known or suspected of carrying HIV, including gowns and masks with visors. Endoscopy staff should be immunized against hepatitis B.