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Convergent-Plate Tectonics Viewed from the Indonesian Region

  • Chapter
Tectonic Evolution of the Tethyan Region

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIC,volume 259))

Abstract

Plate boundaries have evolved complexly with time and at any one time have varied greatly along strike. Seismically defined dips of subducting plates mark positions, not trajectories; slabs sink more steeply than they dip, and overriding plates advance over them. Subduction occurs beneath only one side at a time of an internally rigid plate, and the common regime in an overriding plate, behind a surficial accretionary wedge, is extensional, except where a collision is underway. Back-arc-basin lithosphere is built behind, or by, migrating island arcs, which lengthen and increase their curvatures as they evolve. A collision can involve two active arcs, in which case intervening lithosphere sinks beneath both of them, or an active margin and a passive one. Either type of collision generally is followed by the breaking through of new subduction, beneath the composite mass of light crust, from a new trench oceanward of the aggregate; conversely, a new subduction system commonly is a byproduct of collision. A strip of back-arc-basin crust is often left attached to the aggregate, in front of the new trench, and becomes the basement for a fore-arc basin, the leading edge of which is raised as melange is stuffed under it. Sedimentation in trenches is dominantly longitudinal and can be from distant sources. Accretionary wedges are dynamic, being thickened at both toes and bottoms by tectonic accretion and thinned by gravitational forward flow; melange is largely a product of tectonic imbrication driven by these conflicting processes; olistostromes are minor components of accretionary wedges. High-pressure metamorphic rocks form beneath overriding plates, not within wedges in front of them. Arc magmas incorporate much material from the lithosphere through which they rise and vary correspondingly with the composition of that lithosphere. Continental crust is inflated into geanticlines by magmatic-arc intrusive rocks. Submarine island-arc volcanic rocks are widely spilitized, with enrichment in sodium and depletion in calcium, by hydrothermal reaction with sea water.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Branch of Geophysics, United States Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, 80225, USA

    Warren Hamilton

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  1. Warren Hamilton
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  1. Department of Geology, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

    A. M. C. Şengör

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© 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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Hamilton, W. (1989). Convergent-Plate Tectonics Viewed from the Indonesian Region. In: Şengör, A.M.C. (eds) Tectonic Evolution of the Tethyan Region. NATO ASI Series, vol 259. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2253-2_27

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2253-2_27

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