Abstract
A program concerning the conversion of hemicellulosic residues to extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) with favorable application properties has been initiated. A number of microorganisms including Cryptococcus laurentii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Arthrobacter viscosus, a Pseudomonas sp., and an as-yet-unidentified phylloplane isolate (DS-1) appear to be suitable for such purpose. We have demonstrated that these isolates can convert either xylose, an enzymatic oligomeric digest (Trichoderma longibrachiatum) of xylan, a mineral acid hemicellulose hydrolysate, or a five monosaccharide mixture simulating sulfite process liquors, to EPS. Several physiological parameters relating to maximizing acidic (hexadecyltrimethylammonium-precipitable) EPS are detailed. Under optimum conditions, up to ca. 14 gm/1 of EPS has been obtained. Following additional purification steps, the molecular weight distributions (600–4500 Kd) of the EPS so formed were estimated by size exclusion chromatography. The compositions of these several pentosan-derived EPS were determined on their hydrolysates; and some preliminary data on their intrinsic viscosities was assembled. The relationships among EPS composition, substrate utilized, microbial growth phase, and molecular properties are exemplified.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baird, J.K., Sanford, P.A. and Cottrell, I.W. (1983) “Industrial applications of some new microbial polysaccharides,” Biotechnology, Nov., 778–783.
Beck, M.J. (1986) “Effect of intermittent feeding of cellulose hydrolyzate to hemicellulose hydrolyzate on ethanol yield by P. tannophilus, Biotech. Letts. 8, 513–516.
Bryan, B.A., Linhardt, R.J. and Daniels, L. (1986) “Variation in composition and yield of exopolysaccharides produced by Klebsiella and Acinetobacter, ” Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51, 1304–1308.
Feldman, K.A., Jansen, N.B. and Tsai, G.T. (1988) “Utilization of a wood-based syrup as a fermentation carbon source,” Biotech. Letts. 10, 31–36.
Kang, K.S., Veder, G.T. and Cottrell, I.W. (1983) “Some novel bacterial polysaccharides,” Prog. Ind. Microbial 18, 231–253.
Kennedy, A.F.D. and Sutherland (1987) “Analysis of bacterial exopolysaccharides,” Biotech. Appl. Biochem. 9, 12–19.
Linton, J.D. (1990) “The relationship between metabolite production and the growth efficiency of the producing organism,” FEM Microbial Revs. 75, 118.
Moorhouse, R. (1987) “Structure/property relationships of a family of microbial polysaccharides,” in M. Yalpani (ed.) Industrial Polysaccharides: Genetic Engineering: Structure/Property Relations and Applications, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 187–206.
Okutani, K. (1984) “Structural investigation of the capsular polysaccharide produced by Cryptococcus isolated from sea water,” Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fisheries 50, 1407–1412.
Perry, M.B. and Webb, A.C. (1981) “Structure of the acidic capsular polysaccharide of C. laurentit NRRL Y-1401”, Can. J. Biochem. 60, 124–130.
Petersen, G.R., Nelson, G.A., Cathey, C.A. and Fuller, G.G. (1989) “Rheologically interesting polysaccharides from yeast,” Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 20/21, 845–867.
Schneider, H. (1989) “Conversion of pentoses to ethanol by yeasts and fungi,” CRC Crit. Revs. Biotechnol. 9, 1–40.
Sloneker, J.H., Orentas, D.G., Knutsen, C.A., Watson, P.R. and Jeanes, A. (1968) “Structure of the extracellular bacterial polysaccharide from A. Viscosus NRRL-B1973” Can. J. Chem. 46, 3353–3360.
Sutherland, I.W. (1986) “Industrially useful polysacchardes,” Microbial. Sciences 3, 5–9.
Wayman, M. and Yu, S. (1985) “Acetone-butanol fermentation of xylose and sugar mixtures,” Biotech. Letts. 7, 255–260.
Williams, A.G. and Winpenny J.W.T. (1977) “Exopolysaccharide production by NOB NB 11264 [=ATCC 312601 J. Gen. Microbiol 102, 13–21.
Zevenhuisen, L.P.T.M. (1986) “Selective synthesis of polysaccharides by Rhizobium trifolii”,FEMS Microbiol. Letts. 35, 43–47.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tanenbaum, S.W. et al. (1990). Bioconversion of Pentosans to Heteropolysaccharides. In: Dawes, E.A. (eds) Novel Biodegradable Microbial Polymers. NATO ASI Series, vol 186. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2129-0_50
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2129-0_50
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7458-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-2129-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive