Abstract
There is now a large body of evidence which supports the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and an increased risk of gastric cancer. This is reflected in the decision by the International Agency for Cancer Research to categorize H. pylori infection as a definite cause of human cancer1. It is, however, readily apparent that, whereas infection with H. pylori is an extremely common event, gastric cancer is a relatively rare outcome of such infection. For every 100 people infected, no more than five, and probably only one or two, are likely to develop a malignancy. This poses the problem of how to identify the small percentage of infected individuals who are at increased risk of cancer. Clearly unravelling the co-factors involved in the process may be of public health significance, and should help in improving the focus of screening programmes which have, as their objective, preventing the future occurrence of gastric cancer.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, Vol. 61: Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori. Lyon: IARC; 1994.
Cover TL, Dooley CP, Blaser MJ. Characterisation of a human serologic response to proteins in Helicobacter pylori broth culture supematants with vacuolizing cytotoxin activity. Infect Immun. 1990;58:603–10.
Crabtree JE, Taylor JD, Wyatt JI et al. Mucosal IgA recognition of Helicobacter pylori 120kDa protein, peptic ulceration and gastric pathology. Lancet. 1991;338:332–5.
Crabtree JE, Wyatt JI, Sobala GM et al. Systemic and mucosal humoral responses to Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer. Gut. 1993;34:1339–43.
Tummuru MKR, Cover TL, Blaser MJ. Mutation of the cytotoxin-associated cagA gene does not affect the vacuolating cytoxin activity of Helicobacter pylori. Infect Immun. 1994;62:2609-13.
Kuipers EJ, Pérez-Pérez GI, Meuwissen SGM, Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori and atrophic gastritis: importance of the cagA status. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87:1777–80.
Kuipers EJ, Uyterlinde AM, Peña AS et al. Longterm sequelae of Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Lancet. 1995;345:1525–8.
Nomura A, Stemmermann GN, Chyou PH et al. Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinoma among Japanese Americans in Hawaii. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1132–6.
Parsonnet J, Friedman GD, Vandersteen DP et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of gastric carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1127–31.
Kikuchi S, Wada O, Nakajima T et al. Serum anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody and gastric carcinoma among young adults. Cancer. 1995;75:2789–93.
Blaser MJ, Pérez-Pérez GI, Kleanthous H et al. Infection with Helicobacter pylori strains possessing cagA is associated with an increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Cancer Res. 1995;55:2111–15.
Parsonnet J, Friedman GD, Orentreich N et al. Infection with the type 1 phenotype of H, pylori increases risk of gastric cancer independent of corpus atrophy. Gastroenterology. 1996; 110: A221.
Kikuchi S, Forman D, Covacci A et al. Diffuse gastric cancer in young H. pylori positive Japanese patients: lack of association with CagA status. Gut. 1996 (abstract) (In press).
Foerster EC, Koch P, Koch O et al. Serum response to Helicobacter pylori in primary B-cell gastric lymphoma. Gut. 1995;37(Suppl. 1):A6.
Lee A. Helicobacter infections in laboratory animals: a model for gastric neoplasias? Ann Med. 1995;27:575–82.
Beales ILP, Davey NJ, Pusey CD et al. Long-term sequelae of Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Lancet. 1995;346:381–2 (letter).
Azuma T, Konishi J, Tanaka Y et al. Contribution of HLA-DQA gene to host’s response against Helicobacter pylori. Lancet. 1994;343:542–3.
Azuma T, Ito Y, Miyaji H et al. Immunogenetic analysis of the human leukocyte antigen DQA1 locus in patients with duodenal ulcer or chronic atrophic gastritis harbouring Helicobacter pylori. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1995;7(Suppl. 1):S71–3.
El-Omar E, Penman I, Dorrian CA et al. Helicobacter pylori infection lowers gastrin releasing peptide stimulated gastrin release in duodenal ulcer patients. Gut. 1993;34:1060–6.
McColl KEL, El-Omar E. Helicobacter pylori and disturbance of gastric function associated with duodenal ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1996;31(Suppl. 215):32–7.
Dixon M. Acid, ulcers and H. pylori. Lancet. 1993;342:384–5.
Blaser MJ, Chyou PH, Nomura A. Age at establishment of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinoma, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer risk. Cancer Res. 1995;55:562–5.
Fuchs CS, Mayer RJ. Gastric carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:32–41.
Steinmetz KA, Potter JD. Vegetables, Fruit, and cancer. I. Epidemiology. Cancer Causes Control. 1991;2:325–57.
Hansson LE, Engstrand L, Nyren O et al. Helicobacter pylori infection: independent risk indicator of gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:1098–103.
Forman D. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1995;9(Suppl. 2):77–84.
Forman D. Are nitrates a significant risk factor in human cancer? Cancer Surv. 1989;8:443–58.
Gangolli SD, van den Brandt PA, Feron VJ et al. Nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994;292:1–38.
Iyengar R, Stuehr BJ, Marietta MA. Macrophage synthesis of nitrate and N-nitrosamines: precursors and the role of the respiratory burst. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA. 1987;84:6369–73.
Rachmilewitz D, Karmeli F, Eliakim R et al. Enhanced gastric nitric oxide synthase activity in duodenal ulcer patients. Gut. 1994;35:1394–7.
Bravo LE, Mannick EE, Zhang XJ et al. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, nitrotyrosine and DNA damage. Gastroenterology. 1995; 108: A63 (abstract).
Rieder G, Hatz RA, Stolte M, Enders G. Inos in H. pyliri-associated gastritis — possible role in carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology. 1996; 110: A1002 (abstract).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers and Axcan Pharma
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Forman, D. (1996). Essential co-factors in gastric carcinogenesis. In: Hunt, R.H., Tytgat, G.N.J. (eds) Helicobacter pylori. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1792-7_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1792-7_26
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7299-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-1792-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive