Abstract
The use of an uncertainty factor (UF) to account for interspecies variation in risk assessment procedures for non-carcinogens is well known and implemented by regulatory agencies at the federal and state levels. The approach that has been widely adopted is to assume that humans may be 10-fold more sensitive than the animal model. This factor of 10 has become routinely adopted in essentially all risk assessment procedures involving animal model data for extrapolation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barnthouse, L. W., Suter, G. W. and Rosen, A. E. (1990) Risks of toxic contaminants to exploited fish populations: influence of life history, data uncertainty and exploitation intensity. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 9, 297–311.
Calabrese, E. J. and Baldwin, L. (1993) Performing Ecological Risk Assessments, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, ML
Dourson, M. L. and Stara, J. F. (1983) Regulatory history and experimental support of uncertainty (safety) factors. Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 3, 224–38.
Johnson, W. W. and Finley, M. T. (1980) Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. US Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication 137. US Department of the Interior, Washington, DC.
Kenaga, E. E. (1982) Predictability of chronic toxicity from acute toxicity of chemicals in fish and aquatic invertebrates. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 1, 347–58.
Layton, D. W., Mallon, B. J., Rosenblatt, D. H. and Small, M. J. (1987) Deriving allowable daily intakes for systemic toxicants lacking chronic toxicity data. Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 7, 96–112.
Slooff, W., Van Oers, J. A. and DeZwart, D. (1986) Margins of uncertainty in ecotoxicological hazard assessment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 5, 841–52.
Suter, G. W. II, Vaughan, D. S. and Gardner, R. H. (1983) Risk assessment by analysis of extrapolation error, a demonstration for effects of pollutants on fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 2, 369–78.
Van Straalen, N. M. and Denneman, C. A. J. (1989) Ecotoxicological evaluation of soil quality criteria. Ecotoxicol Environ. Saf., 18, 241–51.
Zeise, L., Crouch, E. A. C. and Wilson, R. (1986) A possible relationship between toxicity and carcinogenicity. J. Am. College Toxicol., 5(2), 137–51.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Chapman & Hall
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Calabrese, E.J., Baldwin, L.A. (1996). Toxicological and biostatistical foundations for the derivation of a generic interspecies uncertainty factor for application in non-carcinogen risk assessment. In: Di Giulio, R.T., Monosson, E. (eds) Interconnections Between Human and Ecosystem Health. Chapman & Hall Ecotoxicology Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1523-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1523-7_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7181-9
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-1523-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive