Abstract
The ability to demonstrate metastasis in an invertebrate is a difficult problem for several reasons: (1) many invertebrates have no circulatory system (2) the majority of invertebrates that do have a circulatory system is based on an open system with large blood sinuses (3) many invertebrates have non discrete organ systems (4) relatively few neoplasms have been reported in invertebrates and (5) the majority of neoplasms that have been described are anaplastic in ap¬pearance. Metastases are the occurrence of tumor implants arising independently from the primary tumor or a second¬ary metastasis. In invertebrates that do not have a circulatory system the ability of neoplastic cells to migrate to secondary sites is restricted. The majority of neoplasms that have been described in invertebrates (see Chap. 8, Vol. V) are anaplastic in appearance and are believed to arise from hematopoietic tissues. Because of the open sinusoidal blood systems it is difficult if not impossible to distinguish areas where the neoplastic cells perculate through the tissues and metastasize.
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© 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers
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Cooper, K.R. (1989). Metastasis of Invertebrate Neoplasms. In: Kaiser, H.E. (eds) Comparative Aspects of Tumor Development. Cancer Growth and Progression, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1091-1_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1091-1_6
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