Abstract
In this paper, I show what the current data on distortions and anisotropics of the cosmic background radiation (CMB) imply for the epoch of galaxy formation in theories for which the primordial random density field is Gaussian, as in inflation-based models. The new upper limits on CMB anisotropies at 7′ (OVRO) and ≳ 7° (RELICT 1) impose strong constraints on the amplitude of the fluctuation spectrum, on scales ~ (5 – 20)h−1Mpc and ~ 300 – 6000h−1Mpc, respectively (for flat models). For a specified initial spectrum, these limits can be expressed in terms of the biasing factor b p , which also largely determines the galaxy formation redshift. For Ω = 1 CDM models, b p ≳ 0.7 for ΩB = 0.1 and h = 0.5. For non-zero A CDM models with vacuum energy Ω vac = 0.8, b p ≳ 1.6. Neutrino-dominated models have a non-linear redshift z nl ≲ 0.5 from the OVRO results, a very strong constraint. The Berkeley-Nagoya CMB distortion, if confirmed, would be a direct probe of the pregalactic universe. Arguments against Compton cooling as the source are presented. For dust emission models, a high formation redshift, ~ 30, is indicated, although this depends upon how exotic and abundant the dust may be. A large energy release, an order of magnitude more than the blue light that the galaxies we see would release in a Hubble time, is required. Constraints on the clustering of the dust and the luminosity sources from the OVRO experiment, and how sub-mm telescopes can improve these, are also discussed.
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Bond, J.R. (1989). Constraints on Galaxy Formation from Cosmic Background Radiations. In: Frenk, C.S., Ellis, R.S., Shanks, T., Heavens, A.F., Peacock, J.A. (eds) The Epoch of Galaxy Formation. NATO ASI Series, vol 264. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0919-9_24
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