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Cellulose Degradation by Fungi

  • Chapter
Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology

Abstract

Cellulose is the most abundant organic macromolecule on earth. It has been estimated that total biomass (fossil fuels excepted) amounts to about 1·8 × 1012 tonnes, 1 × 1011 tonnes being replenished each year by photosynthesis (Bassham, 1975; Stephens & Heichel, 1975). Since 40% of this biomass consists of cellulose (Brown, 1983), one may calculate that 7 × 1011 tonnes of this material exist, mainly in higher plants, and that annual productivity is about 4 × 1010 tonnes. The magnitude of these figures can be appreciated by noting that the rate of cellulose synthesis is equivalent to 70 kg per person per day (Lützen et al., 1983) or to 50 000 barrels of oil per second in energy terms (Sienko & Plane, 1976). Indeed, current terrestrial biomass, at 640 billion tonnes of oil equivalent, is equal to total proven fossil fuel reserves (De Montelambert, 1983). But, unlike the latter it is constantly being renewed. Lignocellulosic wastes or residues of forest, agriculture, industrial or domestic origin, are generated in great quantities especially in the more developed countries. Many reports have suggested that much of the demand for fuels and chemical feedstocks, currently met by oil, could be met by appropriate exploitation of such wastes (Avgerinos & Wang, 1980; Chartier, 1981; Eveleigh, 1982; Brown, 1983; Grohman & Villet, 1983; Hall, 1983; Sheppard & Lipinsky, 1983; Sinskey, 1983; Soltes, 1983; Eveleigh, 1984; Lloyd, 1984).

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, University College, Galway, Republic of Ireland

    Michael P. Coughlan

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Coughlan, M.P. (1990). Cellulose Degradation by Fungi. In: Fogarty, W.M., Kelly, C.T. (eds) Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0765-2_1

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