Skip to main content

Feed Evaluation, Past and Present

  • Chapter
Energy Nutrition in Ruminants

Abstract

The desire to establish an ‘exchange rate’ between different animal feeds is not new. It has existed since animal production became a commercial occupation, indeed since animals first served man’s need for cultivation and transport. Tyler (1975) gave a brilliant account of its history, with numerous references extending back to observations on the value of different feeds as early as 2500 BC. Flatt (1988) also summarized many historical aspects of feed evaluation. There is therefore no need for an elaborate account here.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Agricultural Research Council (1980) The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough

    Google Scholar 

  • Blaxter, K.L., Brockway, J.M. & Boyne, A.W. (1972) A new method for estimating the heat production of animals Quart. J. exp. Physiol. 57, 60–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng Yanglian, Mollison, G.S., Smith, J.S. & Brockway, J.M. (1985) A new closed circuit mask system for estimating heat production in animals In Moe, P.W., Tyrrell, H.F. & Reynolds, P.J. (Eds) Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals pp 140–144 E.A.A.P. Publication No.32 Rowman & Littlefield, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Flatt, W.P. (1988) Feed evaluation systems: historical background In –rskov, E.R. (Ed.) World Animal Science; B4 Feed Science pp 1–22 Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Henneberg, W. & Stohmann, F. (1860) Beitrage für Begründung einer nationeilen Fütterung der Wiedenkauer Vol.1 F.U. Schmetschtke & M. Bruhn, Braunschweig

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellner, O. (1905) Ern–hrung der landwertschaftlichen Nutztiere 1st Edition Paul Parey, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuvera, J.C., MacLeod, N.A. & Ørskov, E.R. (1988) Energy exchanges in cattle nourished by intragastric infusions of nutrients. In Van der Honig, Y. & Close, W.H. (Eds) Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals pp 271–274 Proc. 11th E.A.A.P. Symp. on Energy Metabolism in Farm Animals, Pudok, Wageningen

    Google Scholar 

  • Lofgreen, G.P. & Garrett, W.N. (1968) A system for expressing net energy requirements and feed values for growing and finishing beef cattle J. Anim. Sci. 27, 793–806

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton, J.C. (1855) A Cyclopaedia of Agriculture Blackie & Son, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Ørskov, E.R. (1982) Protein Nutrition in Ruminants Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiemann, R., Nekring, K., Hoffmann, L., Jentsch, W. & Chudy, A. (1971) Energetische Futterbestung und Energienormen VEB Deutscher Landwertschaftsverlag, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Thaer, A. (1809-1812) Grundsatze der rationellen Landwirtschaft Vol. 1–4 Berlin. Quoted by Flatt (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, C. (1975) Albrecht Thaer’s hay equivalents: fact or fiction? Nutr. Abstr. & Rev. 45, 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Es, A.J.H. (1970) Stimulation of the growth of veal calves fed liquid milk replacers In Schurch, A.S. & Wenk, C. (Eds) Energy Metabolism in Farm Animals pp. 97–100 E.A.A.P. Publication No. 13 Juris Druck & Verlag, Zurich

    Google Scholar 

  • Vermorel, M. (1978) Feed evaluation for ruminants. 11. The new energy systems proposed in France Livestock Prod. Sci. 5, 347–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ryle, M., Ørskov, E.R. (1990). Feed Evaluation, Past and Present. In: Energy Nutrition in Ruminants. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0751-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0751-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6823-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0751-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics