Skip to main content

The sympatho-vagal balance and arterial hypertension

  • Chapter
Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease
  • 71 Accesses

Abstract

The view of arterial hypertension as an abnormal “quantity” is the well known milestone introduced by Pickering (1) in modern pathophysiological thinking. This provocative hypothesis opened the door to the search for factors capable of explaining the “continuum” between normal and abnormal values. Alterations in neural regulatory activities could be one of these factors (2–4), if not the prevailing one, at least in the early phases of this disorder of regulation. Along this line of reasoning, attention was focused on the sympathetic tone and on the direct or indirect signs of its possible enhanced level (2–4).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  1. Pickering G: The nature of essential hypertension. London, Churchill-Livingstone. 1961

    Google Scholar 

  2. Julius S: Role of the autonomic nervous system in mild human hypertension. Am Heart J 1975; 48: 243s - 252s

    Google Scholar 

  3. Folkow B: Physiological aspects of primary hypertension. Physiological Reviews 1982; 62: 347–504

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Malliani A, M. Pagani, F. Lombardi: Positive feedback reflexes. In Handbook of Hypertension, vol 8 Pathophysiology of Hypertension. Zanchetti A, Tarazi RC eds. Amsterdam Elsevier 1986 pp 69–81

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cooley, J.W. and J.W. Tukey: An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier Series. Math. Comput. 1965, 19: 297–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Sayers, B. McA: Analysis of heart rate variability. Ergonomics1973, 16: 17–32

    Google Scholar 

  7. Akselrod, S., D. Gordon, F.A. Ubel, D.C. Shannon, A.C. Barger and R.J. Cohen: Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation: A quantitative probe of beat-to-beat cardiovascular control. Science 1981, 213: 220–222.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Brovelli M, G. Baselli, S Cerutti, S Guzzetti, D Liberati, F Lombardi, A Malliani, M Pagani, P Pizzinelli: Computerized analysis for an experimental validation of neurophysiological models of heart rate control. Comps in Cardiol IEEE, Computer Society, Aachen 1983 pp 205–208.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Pagani, M., F. Lombardi, S. Guzzetti, O. Rimoldi, R. Furlan, P. Pizzinelli, G. Sandrone, G. Malfatto, S. Dell’Orto, E. Piccaluga, M. Turiel, G. Baselli, S. Cerutti and A. Malliani: Power spectral analysis of heart rate and arterial pressure variabilities as a marker of sympatho-vagal interaction in man and conscious dog. Circ. Res. 1986, 59: 178–193

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cerutti, S., G. Baselli, S. Civardi, R. Furlan, F. Lombardi, A. Malliani, M. Merri and M. Pagani: Spectral analysis of heart rate and arterial blood pressure variability signals for physiological and clinical purposes. Computers in Cardiology, IEEE Computer Society Press, Washington D.C. 1987 pp 435–438

    Google Scholar 

  11. Baselli, G., S. Cerutti, S. Civardi, A. Malliani, M. Pagani: Cardiovascular variability signals: Towards the identification of a closed-loop model of the neural control mechanisms. IEEE Transactions on Biomed Eng. 1988, 35: 1033–1046.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Pagani, M, V. Somers, R. Furlan, S. Dell’Orto, J. Conway, G. Baselli, S. Cerutti, P. Sleight, And A. Malliani: Changes in autonomic regulation induced by physical training in mild hypertension. Hypertension 1988, 12: 600–610

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Saul J.P., P. Albrecht, R.D. Berger, R.J. Cohen: Analysis of long term heart rate variability: methods, 1/f scaling and implications. Computers in Cardiology, IEEE Computer Society Press Washington D.C. 1988 pp 419–422

    Google Scholar 

  14. Furlan R, S. Guzzetti, W Crivellaro, S Dassi, M Tinelli, G Baselli, S Cerutti, F Lombardi, M Pagani, A Malliani: Continuous 24 h assessment of the neural regulation of systemic arterial pressure and R-R variabilities in ambulant subjects. Circulation (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Fouad FM, RC Tarazi, CM Ferrario, S Fighaly, C Alicandri: Assessment of parasympathetic control of heart rate by a non-invasive method. Am J Physiol 1984, 246: H838 - H842

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Lombardi, F., G. Sandrone, S, Pernpruner, R. Sala, M. Garimoldi, S. Cerutti, G. Baselli, M. Pagani and A. Malliani: Heart rate variability as an index of sympathovagal interaction after acute myocardial infarction. Am. J. Cardiol. 1987, 60: 1239–1245.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pomeranz, P., R.J.B. Macaulay, M.A. Caudil, I. Kutz, D. Adam, D. Gordon, K.M. Kilborn, A.C. Barger, D.C. Shannon, R.J. Cohen and H. Benson: Assessment of autonomic function in humans by heart rate spectral analysis. Am. J. Physiol. 1985, 248:H151-HI53

    Google Scholar 

  18. Guzzetti, S., E. Piccaluga, R. Casati, S. Cerutti, F. Lombardi, M. Pagani and A. Malliani: Sympathetic predominance in essential hypertension: a study employing spectral analysis of heart ratevariability. J. Hypert. 1988, 6: 711–717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Guzzetti, S., E. Piccaluga, R. Casati, S. Cerutti, F. Lombardi, M. Pagani and A. Malliani: Sympathetic predominance in essential hypertension: a study employing spectral analysis of heart ratevariability. J. Hypert. 1988, 6: 711–717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Mayer, S: Studien zur Physiologie des Herzens und der Blutgefässe: 5. Abhandlung: über spontane Blutdruckschwankungen. Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 3. Abt., 1876, 74: 281–307.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Furlan, R., S. Dell’Orto, W. Crivellaro, P. Pizzinelli, S. Cerutti, F. Lombardi, M. Pagani, A. Malliani: Effects of tilt and treadmill exercise on short-term variability in systolic arterial pressure in hypertensive men. J. Hypert. 1987, 5: S423–S425

    Google Scholar 

  22. Pagani, M., R. Furlan, S. Dell’Orto, P. Pizzinelli, G. Lanzi, G. Baselli, C. Santoli, S. Cerutti, F. Lombardi and A. Malliani: Continuous recording of direct high fidelity arterial pressure and electrocardiogram in ambulant patients. Cardiovasc. Res. 1986, 20: 384–388

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. De Boer, R.W., J.M. Karemaker and J. Strackee: Hemodynamic fluctuations and baroreflex sensitivity in humans: a beat-to-beat model. Am. J. Physiol. 1987, 253: H680–H689.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Smyth, H.S., P. Sleight and G.W. Pickering: Reflex regulation of arterial pressure during sleep in man. Circ. Res. 1969, 24: 109–121.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Malliani, A. (1990). The sympatho-vagal balance and arterial hypertension. In: Descovich, G., Gaddi, A., Magri, G., Lenzi, S. (eds) Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0731-7_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0731-7_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6814-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0731-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics