Abstract
Complex intracardiac shunting, whether congenital or acquired often presents a difficult diagnostic challenge. The physical signs may be confusing or misleading, particularly in patients who have multiple sites where intracardiac shunting is occurring, and an accurate diagnosis cannot always be established despite cardiac catheterisation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Cheng CW, Lin FC, Fang BR, Kuo CT, Lee YS and Chang CH. Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiographic features of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. Am Heart J 1988; 116:1283–1288
Terdjman N, Bourdarias JP, Farcot JC, Gueret P, Dudourg O, Ferrier A and Hanania G. Aneurysms of sinus of Valsalva: two dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis and recognition of rupture into the right heart cavities. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984; 3:1227–1235.
Chen WWC and Tai YT. Dissection of the interventricular septum by aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva. Br Heart J 1983; 50:293–295.
Chow LC, Dittrich HC, Dembitsky WP and Nicod PH. Accurate localisation of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm by real-time Doppler flow imaging. Chest 1988; 94:462–465.
Norwicki ER, Aberdeen E, Friedma S and Rashkind WJ. Congenital left aortic sinus-left ventricular fistula and review of aortocardiac fistulas. Am Thorac Surg 1977; 23:378–388.
Perry JC, Nanda NC, Hicks DG and Harris JP. Two dimensional echocardiographic identification of aortico-left ventricular tunnel. Am J Cardiol 1983; 52:913–914.
Bash SE, Huhta JC, Nihill MR, Vargo TA and Hallman GL. Aortico-left ventricular tunnel with ventricular septal defect: two dimensional/Doppler echocardiographic diagnosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985; 5:757–760.
Wesselhoeft H, Fawcett JS and Johnson AL. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk. Its clinical spectrum, pathology, and pathophysiology, based on a review of 140 cases, with seven further cases. Circ 1968; 38:403–425.
Houston AB, Pollock JCS, Doig WB, Gnanapragasam J, Jamieson M, Lilley S and Murtagh EP. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk: Elucidation with colour Doppler flow mapping. Br Heart J 1990; 63:50–54.
King DH, Danford DA, Huhta JC and Gutgesell HP. Non-invasive detection of anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 1985; 55:608–609.
Saunders SP, Parness IA and Colan SD. Recognition of abnormal connections of coronary arteries with the aid of Doppler color flow mapping. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 13:922–926.
Swensson RE, Murillo-Olivas A, Elias W, Bender R, Daily PO, and Sahn DJ. Non-invasive Doppler color flow mapping for detection of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and for evaluation of surgical repair. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 11:659–661.
Liberthson RR, Sagar K, Berkoben JP, Weintraub RM and Levine FH. Congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula. Report of 13 patients, review of the literature and delineation of management. Circ. 1979; 59:849–853.
Liberthson RR, Barron K, Harthorne JW, Dinsmore RE, and Daggett WM. Traumatic coronary arterial fistula. A case report and review of the literature. Am Heart J 1973; 86:817–821.
Lee RT, Mudge GH and Colucci WS. Coronary artery fistula after mitral valve replacement. Am Heart J. 1988; 115:1128–1130.
Yu R, Sharma B and Franciosa JA. Acquired coronary artery fistula to the left ventricle after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1986; 58:557–558.
Eagle KA, Haber E, De Santis RW, and Austen WG, Eds. The Practise of Cardiology. Second Edition 1988 pp630–636. Little, Brown and Company, Boston/Toronto.
Chen CC, Hwang B, Hsiung MC, Chiang BN, Meng Lc, Wang DJ and Wang SP. Recognition of coronary arterial fistula by Doppler 2-dimensional echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 1984; 53:392–394.
Miyatake K, Okamoto M, Kinoshita N, Fusejima K, Sakakibara H and Nimura Y. Doppler echocardiographic features of coronary arteriovenous fistula. Br Heart J 1984; 51:508–518.
Reeder GS, Tajik AJ and Smith HC. Visualisation of coronary fistula by two-dimensional echocardiography. Mayo Clin Proc 1980; 55:185–189.
Velmis H, Schmidt KG, Silverman NH, and Turley K. Diagnosis of coronary artery fistula by two dimensional echocardiography, pulsed Doppler ultrasound and color flow imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 14:968–976.
Lefevre T and Bernard A. Left coronaro-ventricular microfistula. Arch Mal Coeur 1988; 81:285–292.
Sahn DJ and Allen HD. Real-time cross-sectional echocardiographic imaging and measurement of the patent ductus arteriosus in infants and children. Circ 1978; 58:343–354.
Smallhorn JF, Huhta JC, Anderson RH and Macartney FJ. Suprasternal cross-sectional echocardiography in assessment of patent ductus arteriosus. Br Heart J 1982; 48:321–330.
Huhta JC, Gutgesell HP, Latson LA and Huffines FD. Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of the aorta in infants and children with congenital heart disease. Circ 1984; 70:417–424.
Perez JE, Nordlicht SM and Geltman EM. Patent ductus arteriosus in adults: diagnosis by suprasterna and parasternal pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 1984; 53:1473–1475.
Musewe NN, Smallhorn JF, Benson LN, Burrows PE and Freedom RM. Validation of Doppler-derived pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with ductus arteriosus under different haemodynamic states. Circ 1987; 76:1081–1091.
Swensson RE, Valdes-Cruz LM, Sahn DJ, Sherman FS, Chung KJ, Scagnelli S and Hagen-Ansert S. Real-time Doppler color flow mapping for detection of patent ductus arteriosus. L Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 8:1105–1112.
Liao PK, Su WJ and Hung JS. Doppler echocardiographic flow characteristics of isolated patent ductus arteriosus: better delineation by Doppler color flow mapping. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 12:1285–1291.
Alboliras ET, Chin AJ, Barber G, Helton JG and Pigott JD. Detection of aortopulmonary window by pulsed and color Doppler echocardiography. Am Heart J 1988; 115:900–902.
Stevenson JG, Kawabori I and Bailey WW. Noninvasive evaluation of Blalock-Taussig shunts: determination of patency and differentiation from patent ductus arteriosus by Doppler echocardiography. Am Heart J 1983; 106:1121–1132.
Miyatake K, Yamamoto K, Park YD, Izumi S, Yamagishi M, Sukakibara H and Nimura Y. Diagnosis of mitral valve perforation by real time two-dimensional Doppler flow imaging technique. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986;8:1235–1239.
Decroly P, Vandenbossche JL and Englert M. Anterior mitral valve aneurysm perforation secondary to aortic valve endocarditis detected by Doppler colour flow mapping. Eur Heart J 1989; 10:186–189.
Kapur KK, Fan P, Nanda NC, Yoganathan AP and Goyal RG. Doppler color flow mapping in the evaluation of prosthetic mitral and aortic valve function. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 13:1561–1571.
Alam M, Rosman HS, Lakier JB, Kemp S, Khada F, Hautamaki K, Magilligan DJ and Stein PD. Doppler and echocardiographic features of normal and dysfunctioning bioprostheic valves. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 10:851–858.
Arnett EN and Roberts WC. Clinicopathological analysis of 22 necropsy patients with comparison of observations in 74 necropsy patients with active infective endocarditis involving natural left-sided cardiac valves. Am J Cardiol 1976; 38:281–291.
Fisher EA, Estioko MR, Stern EH and Goldman ME. Left ventricular to left atrial communication secondary to a para aortic abscess: color flow Doppler documentation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 10:222–224.
Sutherland GR, Balaji S, Monro JL. Potential value of intraoperative Doppler colour flow mapping in operations for complex intracardiac shunting. Br Heart J 1989; 62:467–469.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
McAlpine, H.M., Sutherland, G.R. (1990). The Evaluation of Complex Shunt Lesions. In: Chapman, J.V., Sutherland, G.R. (eds) The Noninvasive Evaluation of Hemodynamics in Congenital Heart Disease. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 114. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0647-1_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0647-1_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-0836-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0647-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive