Abstract
Intraventricular thrombosis is a complication met with relatively frequently during acute anterior myocardial infarction [1], especially if there is also an aneurysmatic dilatation. In this clinical situation, before the advent of echocardiography, diagnosis was retrospective and based on the appearance of a systemic embolism. After the acute phase of myocardial infarction, the only available diagnostic method was contrast ventriculography: this method has the drawback of being neither very sensitive (it cannot visualize laminated thrombi) nor specific (it may show up false filling defects in large ventricles). Moreover, its poor repeatability means it is not very suitable for following up the behaviour of thrombi.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Asinger RW, Mikell FL, Elsperger J, Hodges M (1981) Incidence of left ventricular thrombosis after acute transmural myocardial infarction. Serial evaluation by two-dimensional echocardiography. N Engl J Med 305: 297–302.
Frisbie JH, Tow DE, Sasahara AA, Barsamian EM, Parisi AF (1976) Non invasive detection of intracardiac thrombosis. 131-I fibrinogen cardiac survey. Circulation 6: 989–991.
Kramer RS, Ashburn WL, Vasko JS (1967) Detection of intracardiac thrombi using radioiodinated antifibrinogen (RIAF) and precordial scanning: Experimental and clinical studies. Ann. Surg 166: 173–177.
Stratton JR, Ritchie JL, Hammermeister KE, Kennedy JW, Hamilton GW (1981) Detection of left ventricular thrombi with radionuclide angiography. Am J Cardiol 48: 565–72.
Tomoda H, Hoshiai M, Furuya H, Kuribayashi S, Ootaki M, Matsuyama S, Koide S, Kawada S, Shotsu A (1983) Evaluation of intracardiac thrombus with computed tomography. Am J Cardiol 51: 843–52.
Ezekowitz MD, Wilson DA, Smith EO, Burow RD, Harrison LH, Parker DE, Elkins RC, Peyton M, Taylor FB (1982) Comparison of indium 111 platelet scintigraphy and two- dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of left ventricular thrombi. New Engl J Med 306: 1509–13.
Horgan JH, O’M Shiel F, Goodman AC (1976) Demonstration of left ventricular thrombus by conventional echocardiography. J Clin Ultrasound 4: 287–8.
Meltzer RS, Guthaner D, Rakowski H, Popp RL, Martin RP (1979) Diagnosis of left ventricular thrombi by two-dimensional echocardiography. Br Heart J 42: 651–5.
Asinger RW, Mikell FL, Sharma B, Hodge M (1981) Observations on detecting left ventricular thrombus with two-dimensional echocardiography: Emphasis on avoidance of false positive diagnoses. Am J Cardiol 47: 145–56.
Stratton JR, Lighty GW, Pearlman AS, Ritchie JL (1982) Detection of left ventricular thrombus by two-dimensional echocardiography: Sensitivity, specificity and causes of uncertainty. Circulation 66: 156–66.
Visser CA, Kan G, David GK, Lie KI, Durrer D (1983) Two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of left ventricular thrombus: A prospective study of 67 patients with anatomic validation. Chest 83: 228–32.
Green SE, Joynt LE, Fitzgerald PJ, Rubenson DS, Popp RL (1983) In vivo ultrasonic tissue characterization of human intracardiac masses. Am J Cardiol 51: 231–6.
Hellerstein HK, Martin JW (1946) Incidence of thromboembolic lesions accompanying myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 32: 443–52.
Working party on anticoagulant therapy in coronary thrombosis: Assessment of short-term anticoagulant administration after cardiac infarction. Brit Med J (1969) 1: 335–42.
Veterans Administration Cooperative Clinical Trial Group (1973) Anticoagulants in acute myocardial infarction. Results of a cooperative clinical trial. JAMA 225: 724–29.
Keating AC, Gross SA, Schlamowitz RA, Glassman JG, Mazur JH, Pitt WA, Miller D (1983) Mural thrombi in myocardial infarctions. Prospective evaluation by two-dimen- sional echocardiography. Am J Med 74: 989–95.
Haugland JM, Asnger RW, Mikell FL, Elsperger J, Hodges M (1984) Embolic potential of left ventricular thrombus detected by two-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation 70: 588–98.
Visser CA, Kan G, Meltzer RS, Dunning A, Roelandt J (1985) Embolic potential of the ventricular thrombi after myocardial infarction: A two-dimensional echocardiographic study of 119 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 5: 1276–80.
Tramarin R, Pozzoli M, Vecchio C (1982) Trombosi ventricolare nell’infarto miocardico recente. Studio ecocardiografico. G. Ital Cardiol 12: 397–404.
Domenicucci S, Bellotti P, Chiarella F, Lupi G, Vecchio C (1987) Spontaneous morphologic changes in left ventricular thrombi: A prospective two-dimensional echocardiographic study. Circulation 75: 737–43.
Stratton JR, Resnick AD (1987) Increased embolic risk in patients with left ventricular thrombi. Circulation 75: 1004–11.
Friedmand MJ, Carlson K, Marcus FI, Woolfenden JM (1982) Clinical correlations in patients with acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular thrombus detected by two- dimensional echocardiography. Am J Med 72: 894–8.
The SCATI Group (1989) Randomized Controlled Trial of Subcutaneous Calcium-heparin in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet (July 22 ): 182–186.
Tramarin R, Pozzoli M, Febo O, Opasich C, Colombo E, Cobelli F, Specchia (1986) Two- dimensional echocardiographic assessment of anticoagulant therapy in left ventricular thrombosis early after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 7: 482–492.
Spirito P, Bellotti P, Chiarella F, Domenicucci S, Sementa A, Vecchio C (1985) Prognostic significance and natural history of left ventricular thrombi in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction: A two-dimensional echocardiographic study. Circulation 72: 774–80.
Kremer P, Fiebig R, Tilsner V, Bleifeld W, Mathey DG (1985) Lysis of left ventricular thrombi with urokinase. Circulation 72: 112–8.
Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell’infarto Miocardico (GISSI) (1985) Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1: 397–422.
Wilcox RG, Von Der Lippe G, Olsson CG, Jensen G, Skene AM, Hampton JR for the ASSET Study Group (1988) Trial of tissue plasminogen activator for mortality reduction in acute myocardial infarction. Anglo-Scandinavian Study of Early Thrombolysis (ASSET). Lancet 2: 525–30.
The ISAM Study Group (1986) A prospective trial of intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction (ISAM): Mortality, morbidity and infarct size at 21 days. N Engl J Med 314: 1465–71.
Mikell FL, Asinger RW, Elsperger KJ, Anderson RW, Hodges M (1982) Regional stasis of blood in the dysfunctional left ventricle echocardiographic detection and differentiation from early thrombosis. Circulation 66: 755–63.
Iliceto S, Antonelli G, Sorino M, Biasco G, Rizzon P (1985) Dynamic intracavitary left atrial echoes in mitral stenosis. Am J Cardiol 55: 603–6.
Iliceto S, Papa A, Antonelli G, Sorino M, Amico A (1985) Spontaneous contrast echocardiography. Echocardiography 5: 455–65.
Mikell FL, Asinger RW, Elsperger KJ, Anderson RW, Hodges (1982) Tissue acoustic properties of fresh left ventricular thrombi and visualization by two dimensional echocardiography: Experimental observations. Am J Cardiol 49: 1157–65.
Lloret RL, Cortada X, Bradford J, Metz MN, Kinney EL (1985) Classification of left vetricular thrombi by their history of systemic embolization using pattern recognition of two- dimensional echocardiograms. Am Heart J 110: 761–5.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Amico, A.F. et al. (1991). Detection and evaluation of left ventricular thrombosis in myocardial infarction. In: Iliceto, S., Rizzon, P., Roelandt, J.R.T.C. (eds) Ultrasound in Coronary Artery Disease. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 113. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0611-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0611-2_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6762-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0611-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive