Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Two-dimensional echocardiography in the early management of acute myocardial infarction

  • Chapter
Ultrasound in Coronary Artery Disease

Part of the book series: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine ((DICM,volume 113))

  • 79 Accesses

Abstract

In the past, emphasis has been placed on the accurate diagnosis, monitoring and antiarrhythmic therapy of acute myocardial infarction. This approach could have been appropriate in an era when therapy was primarily directed on the prevention of complications. In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), therapy is now directed toward the early use of thrombolytic agents in order to achieve coronary reperfusion. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that a sustained reperfusion of a coronary artery can preserve left ventricular function reducing the infarct size [1–7]. Thus, imaging techniques able to accurately visualize the size and the extent of myocardial damage could play a predominant role in the emergency room [8]. The advantages of performing an echocardiographic study in the earliest stages of acute myocardial infarction are many.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Sheehan FH, Doerr R, Schmidt WG, Bolson EL, Uebis R, von Essen R, Effert S, Dodge HT (1988) Early recovery of left ventricular function after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: An important determinant of survival. J AM Coll Cardiol 12: 289–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kennedy JW, Ritchie JL, Davis KB, Fritz JK (1983) Western Washington randomized trial of intracoronary streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 309: 1477–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kennedy JW, Martin GV, Davis KB, Maynard C, Stadius M, Sheenan F, Ritchie JL (1988) The Western Washington intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction randomized trial. Circulation 77: 345–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. The ISAM Study Group (1986) A prospective trial of intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction (ISAM): Mortality, morbidity and infarct size at 21 days. N Engl J Med 314: 1465–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Serruys PW, Simmons ML, Suryapranata H, Vermeer F, Wijus W, Van den Brand M, Bar F, Zwaan C, Krauss XmM, Remme WJ, Res J, Verhengt FW, Van Domburg R, Lubsen J, Hugenholtz PG (1986) Preservation of global and regional left ventricular function after early thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 7: 729–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. White HD, Norris RM, Brown MA, Takayama H, Maslowsky A, Bass NM, Otrmiston J A, Whitlock T (1987) Effect of intravenous spreptokinase on left ventricular function and early survival after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 317: 850–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kennedy JW, Atkins JM, Goldstein S, Jaffe AS, Lambrew CT, Mclntyre KM, Mueller HS, Paraskos J A, Weaver WD (1988) Recent changes in management of acute myocardial infarction: Implications for emergency care physicians. J Am Coll Cardiol 11: 446–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kloner RA, Parisi AF (1987) Acute myocardial infarction: Diagnostic and prognostic applications of two-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation 75: 521–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Heger JJ, Weyman AE, Wann LS, Dillon JC, Feigenbaum H (1977) Cross-sectional echocardiography in acute myocardial infarction: Detection and localization of regional left ventricular asynergy. Circulation 60: 531–8.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kisslo JA, Robertson D, Gilbert BW, Bon Kamm O, Bhar VS (1977) A comparison of real¬time two-dimensional echocardiography and cine-angiography in detecting left ventricular asinergy. Circulation 55: 134–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Nixon JV, Narahara KA, Smitherman TC (1980) Estimation of myocardial involvement in patients with acute myocardial infarction by two-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation 62: 1248–55.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Agati L, Penco M, Pastore LR, Fedele F, Di Renzi L, Dagianti A (1981) Studio settoriale della cinesi ventricolare sinistra mediante ecocardiografia 2D. Utilit’ per la diagnosi e la prognosi dell’infarto acuto del miocardio. Giorn It Cardiol 11: 201–7.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Loh IK, Charuzi Y, Beeder C, Marshall LA, Ginsburg JH (1982) Early diagnosis of non- transmural myocardial infarction by two-dimensional echocardiography. Am Heart J 104: 963–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Quinones MA, Roberts RR (1985) Role of two-dimensional echocardiography in acute myocardial infarction. Echocardiography 3: 213 - 16.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gei P, Cuccia C, Bonaldi E, Pagnoni N, Volpini M, Berra P, Ettori F, Niccoli L, Riva S (1988) Studio coronarografico nei pazienti con infarto miocardico non-Q: correlazioni con l’aspetto elettrocardiografico iniziale e prognosi. Giorn It Cardiol 18: 90–96.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Gibson RS (1987) Clinical, functional and angiographic distinctions between Q wave and non-Q wave myocardial infarction: Evidence of spontaneous reperfusion and implications for interventions trials. Circulation 75 (suppl V): 128.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Willich S, Stone P, Muller J, Toffler GH, Crowder J, Parker C, Rutherford JD, Turi ZG, Robertson T, Passamani E, Braunwald E and MILIS Study Group (1987) High-risk subgroups of patients with non-Q wave myocardial infarction based on direction and severity of ST segment deviation. Am Heart J 114: 1110.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Sheehan FH (1987) Determinants of improved left ventricular function after thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 9: 937–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sheehan FH, Szente A, Mathey DG, Dodge HT (1985) Assessment of left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction: The relationship between global ejection fraction and regional wall motion. Eur Heart J 6 (suppl E): 117–25.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Raizner AE, Tortoledo FA, Verani MS, Vanreet RE, Young JB, Rickman FD, Cashion WR, Samuels DA, Pratt CM, Attar M, Rubin HS, Lewis JM, Klein MS, Roberts R (1985) Intra- coronary thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Am J Cardiol 55: 301–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Warren SE, Royal HD, Markis JE, Grossman W, McKay R (1988) Time course of left ventricular dilation after myocardial infarction influence of infarct-related artery and success of coronary thrombolysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 11: 12–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kass DA, Maughan WL, Ciuffo A, Graves W. Healy B, Weisfeldt ML (1988) Disproportionate epicardial dilation after transmural infarction of the canine left ventricle: acute and chronic differences. J Am Coll Cardiol 11: 177–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mc Kay RG, Pfeffer MA, Pasternak RC, Markis JE, Come PC, Shoichiro N, Alderman JD, Ferguson JJ, Safian RD, Grossman W (1986) Left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: A corollary to infarct expansion. Circulation 74: 693–702.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Russel RO (1988) Disproportionate dilation after transmural infarction-reflections on its meaning. J Am Coll Cardiol (1980) 11: 186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Bogen DK, Raibnowitz SA, Needleman A, Mc Mahon TA, Abelman WH (1980) An analysis of the mechanical disadvantage of myocardial infarction in the canine left ventricle. Circ Res 47: 728–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lieberman AN, Weirs JL, Jugdutt BI, Becker L, Bulkley BH, Garrison JG, Hutchins GM, Kallman CA, Weisfeldt ML (1981) Two-dimensional echocardiography and infarct size: relationship of regional wall motion and thickening to extent of myocardial infarction in the dog. Circulation 63: 739–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Niemminen M, Parisi AF, O’Boyle JE, Folland ED, Khuri S, Kloner RA (1982) Serial evaluation of myocardial thickening and thinning in acute experimental infarction: identification and quantification using two-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation 66: 174–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Weiss JL, Bulkley BH, Hutchins GM, Mason SJ (1981) Two-dimensional echocardio- graphic recognition of myocardial injury in man: Comparison with postmortem studies. Circulation 63: 401–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wyatt HL, Forrester JS, da Luz PL, Diamond GA, Chagrasulis R, Swann HJC (1976) Functional abnormalities in nonoccluded regions of myocardium after experimental coronary occlusion. Am J Cardiol 37: 366–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Schuster EH, Bulkley BH (1980) Ischemia at distance after acute myocardial infarction: a cause of early postinfarction angina. Circulation 62: 509–15.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Stamm RB, Gibson RS, Bishop HL, Carabello BA, Beller GA, Martin RP (1983) Echocar- diographic detection of infarct-localized asynergy and remote asynergy during acute myocardial infarction: Correlation with the extent of angiographic coronary disease. Circulation 67: 233–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Gibbson EF, Hogan RD, Franklin TD, Nolting M, Weyman AE (1985) The natural history of regional dysfunction in a canine preparation of chronic infarction. Circulation 71: 394–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Hutchins GM, Bulkey BH (1978) Infarct expansion versus extension: two different complications of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 41: 1127–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Heyndrickx GR, Millard RW, McRitchie RJ, Maroko PR, Vatner SF (1975) Regional myocardial functional and electrophysiological alterations after brief coronary artery occlusion in conscious dogs. J Clin Invest 56: 978–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Braunwald E, Kloner RA (1982) The stunned myocardium: prolonged, postischemic ventricular disfunction. Circulation 66: 1146–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Jennings RB, Steenbergen JR (1985) Nucleotide metabolism and cellular damage in myocardial ischemia. Ann Rev Physiol 47: 727–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ellis SG, Henschke CL, Sandor T, Wynne J, Braunwald E, Kloner RA (1983) Time course of functional and biochemical recovery of myocardium salvaged by reperfusion. J Am Coll Cardiol 1: 1047–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Lavallee M, Cox D, Patrick TA, Vatner SF (1983) Salvage of myocardial function by coro¬nary artery reperfusion 1, 2, and 3 hours after occlusion in conscious dogs. Circ Res 53: 235–47.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. GISSI Trial (1986) Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1: 397–401.

    Google Scholar 

  40. GISSI Trial (1987) Long-term effects of intravenous thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: final report of GISSI study. Lancet 2: 871–4.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Penco M, Fedele F, Agati L, Pastore RL, Modena MG, Mattioli G, Dagianti A (1988) Effects of thrombolytic treatment on recovery of left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction, in: Echocardiography 1988, pp 113–21. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publisher.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Smalling RW, Fuentes F, Freud GC, Reduto LA, Wanta-Matthews M, Gaeta JM, Walker W, Sterling R, Gould KL (1982) Beneficial effects of intracoronary thrombolysis up to eighteen hours after onset of pain in evolving myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 104: 912–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Huey BL, Gheorghiade M, Crampton RS, Beller G, Kaiser DL, Watson DD, Nygaard TW, Craddock GB, Sayre SL, Gibson RS (1987) Acute non-Q wave myocardial infarction associated with early ST segment elevation: Evidence for spontaneous coronary reperfusion and implications for thrombolytic trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 9: 18–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Isaacsohn JL, Earle MG, Kemper AJ, Parisi AF (1988) Postmyocardial infarction pain and infarct extension in the coronary care unit: Role of two-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 11: 246–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Pandian NG, Skorton DJ, Colins SM, Koyanagi S, Kieso R, Marcus ML, Kerber RE (1985) Myocardial infarct size threshold for two-dimensional echocardiographic detection: Sensitivity of systolic wall thickening and endocardial wall motion abnormalities in small versus large infarcts. Am J Cardiol 55: 551–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Kaul S, Glasheen W, Ruddy TD, Pandian NG, Weyman AE, Okada RO (1987) The importance of defining left ventricular area at risk in vivo during acute myocardial infarction: an experimental evaluation with myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation 75: 1249–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Sanz G, Castaner A, Betriu A, Magrina J, Roig E, Coll S, Pare’ JC, Navarro Lopez F (1982) Determinants of prognosis in survivors of myocardial infarction: A prospective clinical angiographic study. N Engl J Med 306: 1065–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Taylor GJ, Humphries JO, Mellits ED, Pitt B, Schulze RA, Griffith LSC, Achuff S (1980) Predictors of clinical course, coronary anatomy, and left ventricular function after recovery from acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 62: 960–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Gibson RS, Bishop HL, Stamm RB, Crampton RS, Beller GA, Martin RP (1982) Value of early two-dimensional echocardiography in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 49: 1110–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Horowitz RS, Morganroth J (1982) Immediate detection of early high-risk patients with acute myocardial infarction using two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities. Am Heart J 103: 814–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Nishimura RA, Tajik AJ, Shub C, Miller FA, Ilstrup DM, Harrison C (1984) Role of two- dimensional echocardiography in the prediction of in-hospital complications after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 4: 1080 - 7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Nishimura RA, Reeder GS, Miller FA, Ilstrup DM, Shub C, Seward JB, Tajik AJ (1984) Prognostic value of predischarge 2-dimensional echocardiogram after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 53: 429–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Dagianti A, Agati L, Di Renzi L, Fedele F, Pastore LR, Penco M (1985) II cardiologo moderno tra tecnologia e clinica nella valutazione della cardiopatia ischemica. Cardiologia 30: 759.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Marmor A, Geltman EM, Schechtman K, Sobel BE, Roberts R (1982) Recurrent myocardial infarction: clinical predictors and prognostic implications. Circulation 66: 415–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Marmor A, Sobel BE, Roberts R (1981) Factors presaging early recurrent myocardial infarction (‘Extension’). Am J Cardiol 48: 603–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Krone RJ, Friedman E, Thanavaro S, Miller JP, Kleiger RE, Oliver GC (1983) Long-term prognosis after first Q-wave (transmural) or non Q-wave (nontransmural) myocardial infarction: analysis of 539 patients. Am J Cardiol 52: 234–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Mahias-Narvarte H, Adams KF, Willis PW (1987) Evolution of regional left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in acute Q and non-Q wave myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 113: 1369–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Wilson WW, Gibson RS, Nygaard TW, Craddock GB, Watson DD, Crampton RS, Beller GA (1988) Acute myocardial infarction associated with single vessel coronary artery disease: An analysis of clinical outcome and the prognostic importance of vessel patency and residual ischemic myocardium. J Am Coll Cardiol 11: 223–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Ferlinz J (1988) Clinical options in patients with single vessel coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 11: 235–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Bissett JK, Matts J, Sharma B (1987) Program On Surgical Control For Hyper lipidemia- Study Group (POSCH). Residual myocardial jeopardy in patients with Q-wave and non-Q wave infarctions. Br Heart J 58: 460–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Brown KA, Weiss RM, Clements JP, Wackers FJ (1987) Usefulness of residual ischemic myocardium within prior infarct zone for identifying patients at high risk late after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cadiol 60: 15–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Topol EJ, O’Neill WW, Langburd AB, Walton J Jr, Bourdillon PDV, Bates ER, Grines CL, Schork MA, Kline E, Pitt B (1987) A randomized placebo-controlled trial of intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator and emergency coronary angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 75: 420.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Topol EJ, Califf RM, George BS, Kereiakas DJ, Abbotsmith CW, Candela RJ, Lee KL, Pitt B, Stack RS, O’Neill WW (1987) and the Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction Study Group. A randomized trial of immediate versus delayed elective angioplasty after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 317: 581.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Luciano Agati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maria Penco
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Carmine D. Vizza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Marco Renzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Armando Dagianti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, University of Bari, I-70124, Bari, Italy

    Sabino Iliceto  & Paolo Rizzon  & 

  2. Thorax Center, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Jos R. T. C. Roelandt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Agati, L., Penco, M., Vizza, C.D., Renzi, M., Dagianti, A. (1991). Two-dimensional echocardiography in the early management of acute myocardial infarction. In: Iliceto, S., Rizzon, P., Roelandt, J.R.T.C. (eds) Ultrasound in Coronary Artery Disease. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 113. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0611-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0611-2_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6762-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0611-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation