Abstract
Hydrophobically modified urethane-ethoxylate (HEUR) thickeners (AT) containing alkyl end groups (C16H33) are purified and used to study the association behavior of the AT chains in aqueous solutions. Fluorescence data demonstrate that micelles are formed even at very dilute concentrations (about 10 ppm) with around 20 end-groups per micelle. This end-group aggregation number is found to be independent of polymer concentration. The flow behavior of the AT aqueous solutions is also determined. The analysis of the rheological data suggests that large structures are formed through secondary aggregation when polymer concentration is beyond 1 wt%. By combining fluorescence and rheology, we propose a two-step association model to account for our experimental observations and calculate some key parameters to get a picture of the topology in AT solutions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Jenkins, R.D. (1990) The Fundamental Thickening Mechanism of Associative Polymers in Latex Systems: A Rheological Study, Lehigh University.
Huldén, M. (1994) Hydrophobically Modified Urethane-ethoxylate (HEUR) Associative Thickeners 1. Rheology of Aqueous Solutions and Interactions with Surfactants, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 82, 263–277.
Annable, T.; Buscall, R.; Ettelaie, R.; Whittlestone, D. (1993) The Rheology of Solution of Associating Polymers: Comparison of Experimental Behavior with Transient Network Theory, J. Rheol. 37, 695–726.
Yekta, A.; Duhamel, J.; Brochard, P.; Adiwidjaja, H.; Winnik, M.A. (1993) A Fluorescent Probe Study of Micelle-like Cluster Formation in Aqueous Solutions of Hydrophobically Modified Poly(ethylene oxide), Macromolecules 26, 1829–1836.
Wang, Y.; Winnik, M.A. (1990) Onset of Aggregation for Water-Soluble Polymeric Associative Thickeners: A Fluorescence Study, Langmuir 6, 1437–1439.
Chu, D.Y. and Thomas J.K. (1991) Characterization of Polymer By Excited State Techniques, Photochemistry and Photophysics 3, 49–102.
Von Bunau, G.; Wolff, T. (1988) In Advances in Photochemistry; D.H. Volman G.S. Hammond and K. Gollnick, Eds.; John Wiley & Sons: New York.
Zana, R. (1986) In Surfactant Solutions: New Methods of Investigation; R. Zana, Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York.
Jenkins, R.D.; Silebi, C.A.; El-Aasser, M.S. (1989) Proceeding of American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Materials and Science and Engineering 61, 629–633.
Persson, K.; Abrahmsen, S.; Stilbs, P.; Hansen, F.K.; Walderhaug, H. (1992) The Association of Urethan-Polyethyleneoxide (HEUR) Thickeners, as Studied by NMR Self-Diffusion Measurements Colloid and Polymer Science 270, 465–469.
Fonnum, G.; Bakke, J.; Hansen, F.K. (1993) Associative Thickeners. Part I: Synthesis, Rheology and Aggregation Behavior, Colloid Polymer Science 271, 380–389.
Nystrom, B.; Walderhaug, H.; Hansen, F.K. (1993) Dynamic Crossover Effects Observed in Solutions of a Hydrophobically Associating Water-Soluble Polymer, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 7743–7752.
Rao, B.H.; Uemura, Y.; Dyke, L.; Macdonald , P.M. (1995) Self-Diffusion Coefficients of Hydrophobic Ethoxylated Urethane Associating Polymers Using Pulsed-Gradient Spin Echo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Macromolecules 28, 531–538.
Glass, J.E. Editor (1986) Water Soluble Polymers, ACS Adv. Chem. Ser. Vol. 213.
Lundberg, D.J.; Ma, Z.; Alahapperuna, K.; Glass, J.E. (1991) Surfactant Influences on Hydrophobically Modified Thickener Rheology, ACS Symp. Ser. , No 462, 234–253.
Ottewill, personal communications.
Yekta, A.; Aikawa, M.; Turro, N.J. (1979) Photoluminescence Methods for Evaluation of Solubilization Parameters and Dynamics of Micellar Aggregates. Limiting Cases Which Allow Estimation of Partition Coefficients, Aggregation Numbers, Entrance and Exit Rates, Chem. Phys. Lett. 63, 543–548.
Yekta, A.; Xu, B.; Duhamel, J.; Adiwidjaja, H.; Winnik, M.A. (1995)Fluorescence Studies of Associating Polymers in Water: Determination of The Chain End Aggregation Number and A Model for the Association Process Macromolecules 28,956–966.
Lianos, P.; Zana, R. (1981) Fluorescence Probe Studies of the Effect of Concentration on the State of Aggregation of Surfactants in Aqueous Solution, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 84, 100–107.
Turro, N.J.; Aikawa, M; Yekta, A. (1979) A Comparison of Intermolecular and Intramolecular Excimer Formation in Detergent Solutions. Temperature Effect and Micro viscosity Measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 772–774.
Richey,B.; Kirk,A.B.; Eisenhart,E.K.; Fitzwater,S.; Hook,J. (1991)Interactions of Associative Thickeners with Paint Components as Studied by the Use of a Fluorescently Labeled Model Thickener, J. Coatings Technology 63, 31–40.
Vlahiotis,D. (1992) Extensional Flow Behaviour of Associative Polymer Solutions, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Toronto: Toronto, Canada.
(a) Maechling-Strasser, C.; Francois, J.; Clouet, F.; .Tripette, C. (1992) Hydrophobically End-capped Poly (ethylene Oxide) Urethanes: 1. Characterization and Experimental Study of Their Association in Aqueous Solution, Polymer 33, 627636.
Maechling-Strasser, C.; Clouet, F.; Frangois, J. (1992)Hydrophobically End-capped Poly (ethylene Oxide) Urethanes: 2. Modeling Their Association in Water, Polymer 33, 1021–1025.
Xu, B.; Yekta, A.; Li L; Masoumi Z. and Winnik, M. A., (1995) The Functionality of Associative Polymer Networks: The Association Behavior of Hydrophobically Modified Urethane-Ethoxylate (HEUR) Associative Polymers in Aqueous Solution (submitted to Advances in Colloid and Interface Science)
Semenov, A.N.; Joanny, J.-F.; Khokhlov A.R. (1995) Associating Polymers: Equilibrium and Linear Viscosity, Macromolecules 28, 1066–1075.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yekta, A., Xu, B., Winnik, M.A. (1996). The Structure of Telechelic Associating Polymers in Water. In: Webber, S.E., Munk, P., Tuzar, Z. (eds) Solvents and Self-Organization of Polymers. NATO ASI Series, vol 327. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0333-3_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0333-3_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6636-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0333-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive